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nine eight seven six five four three two

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[Music]

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hi everybody welcome to another episode

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of NASA in Silicon Valley live I am your

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host Tiffany Blake if this is your first

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time tuning in to the show the NASA and

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Silicon Valley live is a conversational

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show out of NASA's Ames Research Center

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or we talk about all the nerdy NASA news

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you need to know today with me I have

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the awesome

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Abbie Tabor hello Tiffany yes hi

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everybody I'm your co-host today Abbie

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Tabor and we are simultaneously live

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right now on twitch YouTube Facebook and

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periscope but if you want to join in the

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chat and leave questions for our awesome

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guest today you need to do that on

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Twitch so go to www.twitch.tv/esa so

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today I'm really excited we're talking

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about space robot space we have a couple

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of amazing guests here today so why

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don't we go ahead and meet them can you

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guys tell us your name what you do here

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at Ames um I'm really I'm a robotics

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engineer and I build space robots pretty

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sweet all right yeah I'm Terry Fong I'm

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the chief roboticist here at NASA Ames

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and I dream up the robots that Maria

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then has to go build awesome job

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description thanks for joining

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before we get into the show and one

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remind our audience about this really

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cool clock we have here yes exactly

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this lovely item that we have for you

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today is our moon countdown clock so

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fires from now in 2024 we're planning to

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send humans to the moon as part of our

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Artemis program and this clock is

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counting down the days hours minutes and

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seconds until 2024 when the first woman

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and the next man will walk on the moon

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south pole so pretty exciting we'll talk

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more about that later in the show but if

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you want to learn more meanwhile you can

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visit www.nasa.gov slash artemis okay

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let's get started okay I'm excited I

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think let's start with just the basics

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like what's the history of you know

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humans and robots in space sorry can you

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tell us a little bit sure you know I

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mean NASA has used robots in space for a

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long time to carry out

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planetary exploration we've sent robots

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to Mars and we still have robots on Mars

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today of course but in parallel to that

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there's been this real development for

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actually for a long time of robots that

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work with humans and they are used you

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know outside of spacecraft like outside

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of the space station and more recently

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we've been working with robots inside a

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spacecraft as well right we're going a

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little bit closer together right yeah

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really

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awesome so how about we talk a little

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bit about you know how they work

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together yeah how exactly do robots and

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humans interact yeah I think a great

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thing about when you talk about robots

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and humans together it's this not just

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oh how how do I make that robot you know

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just go off and do something but this

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whole notion of you know humans and

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robots working as a team and as

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something I think we're gonna see much

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more of as we go forward in the future

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this whole idea that we can use robots

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to work together with humans to perform

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work in space or on planetary surfaces

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and the idea is you might have all kinds

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of different robots and all kinds of

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humans working together with those

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robots

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right and the same way that a team for

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example a football team has specialists

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yeah you play to the strengths of the

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different members of the team so in this

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case you'd play the strengths of the

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humans versus the robots certain things

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humans are better yeah you were telling

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us earlier about the 3ds pretty common

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phrase and in robotics the 3ds which is

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dull dirty and dangerous those are the

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cases where you want to send a robot in

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rather than a human yeah you know if

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it's something really boring to do you

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gotta take a whole bunch of measurements

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it's probably better to sense a robot

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who doesn't mind do you know if it's if

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it's something where it's a dangerous

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situation again you it's sad but you

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far less than losing a human yeah so

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could a dangerous to be something out in

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space like leaving oh sure yeah yeah I

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mean I think beyond just dangerous I

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mean there are some things you know like

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Maria was saying that you know really

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plays to the strengths of robots you

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know there are some things that require

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moving very large pieces of equipment or

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other things in space that are just too

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massive or too heavy for human to move

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yeah and sometimes take longer yeah

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precise placement right place the items

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very precisely with a robot but just

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like in any any team you know I think if

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you have a combination of humans and

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robots that can work well together I

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mean you know that allows you to do much

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more than just you know any individual

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thing one person by themselves yeah and

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an example I think of the precision that

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you're talking about you guys told us

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the International Space Station was

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assembled by robots right yeah cool so

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we have robots working outside of

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spacecraft robots working inside a

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spacecraft right so let's talk about

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some of those what are some historical

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robots that have worked on Space Station

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or Canada arm Space Shuttle 50 foot

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robot arm that was used for things like

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which we see right now

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I used to deploy things like satellites

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to very precisely place equipment for

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example when when we were integrating

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the space station yeah this was actually

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a pretty big arm it's like a 50 foot

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long arm Wow and I was able to move

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32,000 pounds that's basically like

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moving a school bus in position a school

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bus that's a pretty big robot benefit

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you know to building something like you

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know how long a station is also able to

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bolt to hold astronauts in place yeah

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really - Oh like well they're working

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ones are working right

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funny go floating off of the things you

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never think about here's the cool one

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mentioned earlier that robots can work

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outside or inside a spacecraft so

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Robonaut 2 was a a humanoid robot that

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we sent up a few years ago to the space

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station in the picture you can see here

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it's holding something which looks like

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a magic wand but that's actually an air

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flow measurement device has a great name

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what the device actually is called the

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the sensor is actually called a velocity

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elk it's really meant to to be used

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inside a space station for monitoring

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airflow and here we were doing some

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experiments to see how a robot like

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Robonaut 2 could carry out tasks which

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are normally done by humans all right

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those humanoid robots can use the same

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tools as astronauts so you don't have to

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retool everything that vilasa calc

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instrument is usually used by the

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astronauts so Robonaut because it has

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hands can actually hold it and use it

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the same way an astronaut would and the

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benefit of course of you know a robot

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for doing this kind of jobs it doesn't

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get tired of holding something and if

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you do it many times over and over and

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it's not going to complain I was in

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space I wouldn't care what I would be as

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what about some current robots in space

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that we have so there's spheres which a

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testbed actually I have a model here and

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this one's near and dear to our heart

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here at Ames of course right it is so

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this is a model of the spheres which are

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currently on orbit there's three of them

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on the space station and they've been

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used as a testbed for guest scientists

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so developers technology developers on

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on earth like from academia from

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commercial from inside of NASA have

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developed technologies that they would

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like to fly in zero-g and so they can

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actually deploy it on a spheres which

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would then fly them around inside a

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space station so what we see here is

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actually the mounting point where you

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can put a payload on oh yeah yeah you

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know one interesting thing about these

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is that they fly around by using

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actually carbon dioxide so there's

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normally a tank that plugs into these

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and they have little little nozzles

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basically which release controlled puffs

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of carbon dioxide yeah basically these

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little circular basically its way around

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inside a space station

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oh cool very cool they've been on orbit

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for over a decade yeah well yes held an

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astronaut for over a decade you know yes

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kind of the size of a volleyball we've

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been saying rise it self around it holds

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experiments okay and as as if that

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wasn't enough you guys upgraded your

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spheres at one point right yes we have a

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project called smart spheres where we we

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wanted to see what we could do to

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improve the the compute power on board

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the sensing power on board because these

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were built you know 14 15 years ago so

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so the sensors the the computer very old

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very out of date and so we want to be

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able to kind of speed them up and try

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some robotics experiments on board and

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so we actually flew this which I'm sure

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do you want to this is yeah this is you

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might recognize this as a smartphone and

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this is actually a Nexus S smartphone

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back in like 2010 and you know we had to

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make some modifications it doesn't look

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like the off-the-shelf thing although I

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will say this started off you know at a

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local electronics store was actually

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purchased and you know you know you

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worry about obviously people worried

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about breaking their smartphones and you

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know they cover their screens and of

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course we worry about that but we didn't

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want the shards if they were I need to

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fly off right so this there's actually

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some teflon tape on here it's got this

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very you know sort of sleek battery pack

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here because we have some concerns about

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putting of lithium you know but the

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great thing about this is it's very

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compact it gave us cameras and built-in

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accelerometers and has high bandwidth

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wireless data transfer so the ultimate

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brain upgrade next time on pimp your

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robot also the fun fact about spheres is

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that it was based on an idea from Star

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Wars right that's right based on the

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training droid in the first Star Wars

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movie when Luke is learning how to use a

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lightsaber this actually came up you

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know from the original place where

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Spears was developed and that was at MIT

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and professor Dave Miller challenged his

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you know his his engineering class yeah

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yeah you know here's here's the thing

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and Star Wars can you build me one all

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right so that's one that we particularly

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love there are a few others that are

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currently I think on the station that we

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could talk about and share some pictures

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on you showed us before Canada arm

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there's Canada arm - that's right 58

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foot robotic arm on the outside of the

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space station and it's used for multiple

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purposes but it also it's used to dock

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the commercial commercial cargo vehicles

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so what we see here is it it's being

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used to dock the the SpaceX Dragon yeah

274
00:13:18,820 --> 00:13:17,750
and this arm is is even as Maria said

275
00:13:21,010 --> 00:13:18,830
it's even longer than the original

276
00:13:23,019 --> 00:13:21,020
Canada arm which was on the on this

277
00:13:25,269 --> 00:13:23,029
Space Shuttle this one

278
00:13:37,110 --> 00:13:25,279
also it's a really big arm it can

279
00:13:44,050 --> 00:13:42,400
Space Station modules it's really cool

280
00:13:45,700 --> 00:13:44,060
the way it can inchworm around the

281
00:13:47,650 --> 00:13:45,710
station so it can wherever it needs to

282
00:13:50,650 --> 00:13:47,660
be deployed they sort of it there are

283
00:13:58,560 --> 00:13:50,660
holding spots around the outside of the

284
00:14:02,710 --> 00:14:00,610
robot because it's actually a collection

285
00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:02,720
of you know a bunch of different robots

286
00:14:08,170 --> 00:14:04,490
that fit together and there's the big

287
00:14:10,480 --> 00:14:08,180
arm itself but there's also a separate

288
00:14:13,060 --> 00:14:10,490
set of robot arms that can attach the

289
00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:13,070
end and those those arms form the system

290
00:14:18,490 --> 00:14:15,890
called Dexter or if you like acronyms

291
00:14:26,769 --> 00:14:18,500
it's the the spdm the special purpose

292
00:14:29,530 --> 00:14:26,779
dexterous manipulator basically allows

293
00:14:30,519 --> 00:14:29,540
this large arm to have the ability to to

294
00:14:32,530 --> 00:14:30,529
do fine

295
00:14:34,750 --> 00:14:32,540
quote fine dexterous motion so you have

296
00:14:36,940 --> 00:14:34,760
two smaller arms attached to this bigger

297
00:14:39,250 --> 00:14:36,950
arm and those go on to a mobile base and

298
00:14:40,870 --> 00:14:39,260
so now you have this big large system

299
00:14:43,480 --> 00:14:40,880
that can really move all kinds of things

300
00:14:49,510 --> 00:14:43,490
around outside of the space station Wow

301
00:14:52,570 --> 00:14:49,520
pretty handy yeah what about Simon Simon

302
00:14:55,300 --> 00:14:52,580
with a seat Simon with the sea yes that

303
00:15:00,310 --> 00:14:55,310
was built by the German space agency and

304
00:15:04,600 --> 00:15:00,320
an Airbus there we see it Simon

305
00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:04,610
it's meant to be a personal assistant to

306
00:15:10,030 --> 00:15:07,850
astronauts on the station so we see him

307
00:15:12,220 --> 00:15:10,040
there with Alexander Gerst who was a

308
00:15:13,670 --> 00:15:12,230
commander on station about a year ago

309
00:15:16,220 --> 00:15:13,680
last summer

310
00:15:19,850 --> 00:15:16,230
they ran the experiment Simon actually

311
00:15:23,150 --> 00:15:19,860
runs Watson so it's similar to you know

312
00:15:34,369 --> 00:15:23,160
the smart speakers that you know add

313
00:15:36,889 --> 00:15:34,379
something to my shopping list or it can

314
00:15:39,829 --> 00:15:36,899
be helpful you know if they need to have

315
00:15:41,840 --> 00:15:39,839
a procedure brought up so you know help

316
00:15:44,509 --> 00:15:41,850
them with different tasks that they're

317
00:15:48,889 --> 00:15:44,519
doing and yeah your personal robotic

318
00:15:57,410 --> 00:15:48,899
assistant you know its voice commanded

319
00:16:06,199 --> 00:15:57,420
yeah yeah yeah I think we have another

320
00:16:08,660 --> 00:16:06,209
here ant ball info was built by the

321
00:16:10,579 --> 00:16:08,670
Japanese space agency and it's meant to

322
00:16:12,259 --> 00:16:10,589
be basically a floating camera it can

323
00:16:15,079 --> 00:16:12,269
move around inside the Japanese

324
00:16:17,540 --> 00:16:15,089
experiment module and take over some of

325
00:16:20,989 --> 00:16:17,550
the sort of videography chores of

326
00:16:24,110 --> 00:16:20,999
astronauts so a lot of times astronauts

327
00:16:26,179 --> 00:16:24,120
need to document activities you know so

328
00:16:29,119 --> 00:16:26,189
they're filming other astronauts doing

329
00:16:33,559 --> 00:16:29,129
things and so this little robot can take

330
00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:33,569
the take over that job yeah I have a

331
00:16:37,340 --> 00:16:35,490
question here before we go to our

332
00:16:41,809 --> 00:16:37,350
rapid-fire questions we're gonna take as

333
00:16:43,160 --> 00:16:41,819
many as possible but Shamli wants to

334
00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:43,170
know would robots on the International

335
00:16:47,030 --> 00:16:44,730
Space Station be controlled by Houston

336
00:16:48,650 --> 00:16:47,040
or command here on earth or would they

337
00:16:54,710 --> 00:16:48,660
be in the hands of the astronaut aboard

338
00:16:57,019 --> 00:16:54,720
the station I mean just like there's no

339
00:16:59,030 --> 00:16:57,029
one perfect robot you know for

340
00:17:01,039 --> 00:16:59,040
everything there's there's not one you

341
00:17:03,019 --> 00:17:01,049
know a specific way that any of these

342
00:17:04,579 --> 00:17:03,029
robots would be operated you know they

343
00:17:07,579 --> 00:17:04,589
could be controlled from from the earth

344
00:17:09,470 --> 00:17:07,589
they could operate you know autonomously

345
00:17:13,420 --> 00:17:09,480
or they could be you know operated also

346
00:17:15,790 --> 00:17:13,430
by astronauts oh yes yes

347
00:17:17,650 --> 00:17:15,800
right and actually sis fears that we

348
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:17,660
were looking at a minute ago it does do

349
00:17:22,660 --> 00:17:19,010
some things autonomously on Space

350
00:17:29,290 --> 00:17:22,670
Station right and we have video of it

351
00:17:30,250 --> 00:17:29,300
docking and undocking okay you know the

352
00:17:32,200 --> 00:17:30,260
some of the experiments that we've done

353
00:17:34,900 --> 00:17:32,210
with spheres you know we've tried to

354
00:17:37,750 --> 00:17:34,910
allow it to operate and fly around

355
00:17:39,340 --> 00:17:37,760
inside the space station by itself it

356
00:17:41,770 --> 00:17:39,350
can be used to carry out things like

357
00:17:44,620 --> 00:17:41,780
interior surveys they can fly back and

358
00:17:46,150 --> 00:17:44,630
forth to various specific locations Oh

359
00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:46,160
take readings at those locations and

360
00:17:50,050 --> 00:17:48,890
then fly on yeah do a video of that

361
00:17:51,730 --> 00:17:50,060
maybe that's what I was thinking of yes

362
00:17:55,870 --> 00:17:51,740
yeah yeah let's see if we get that

363
00:17:57,220 --> 00:17:55,880
spheres video so there you see a smart

364
00:17:59,470 --> 00:17:57,230
spheres this is yeah this was a

365
00:18:01,030 --> 00:17:59,480
different smartphone so we we work with

366
00:18:04,930 --> 00:18:01,040
not just the Nexus S but this was a

367
00:18:06,910 --> 00:18:04,940
project tango smartphone that we worked

368
00:18:09,250 --> 00:18:06,920
on in partnership with our friends next

369
00:18:10,630 --> 00:18:09,260
door over at Google and here is a

370
00:18:12,130 --> 00:18:10,640
picture this is a video here you

371
00:18:13,990 --> 00:18:12,140
actually see a smartphone on the front

372
00:18:15,550 --> 00:18:14,000
of spheres it's flying around inside of

373
00:18:17,380 --> 00:18:15,560
the space station it's actually going

374
00:18:19,300 --> 00:18:17,390
back and forward back and forth flying

375
00:18:20,950 --> 00:18:19,310
kind of a lawnmower pattern and this is

376
00:18:22,780 --> 00:18:20,960
what Mission Control sees so you can see

377
00:18:25,300 --> 00:18:22,790
video coming down from the smartphone

378
00:18:26,950 --> 00:18:25,310
cameras you can see what looks like a

379
00:18:29,140 --> 00:18:26,960
video game on the right side you can see

380
00:18:30,640 --> 00:18:29,150
the path that it's flying and the weight

381
00:18:32,110 --> 00:18:30,650
points that it's going back and forth

382
00:18:34,750 --> 00:18:32,120
between so here's flying towards point

383
00:18:36,760 --> 00:18:34,760
seven at the lower right there there's

384
00:18:38,770 --> 00:18:36,770
an image that shows the representation

385
00:18:40,810 --> 00:18:38,780
of what the camera seemed that kind of

386
00:18:42,250 --> 00:18:40,820
blue thing and this allows us to have a

387
00:18:44,320 --> 00:18:42,260
really good understanding of the robot

388
00:18:47,590 --> 00:18:44,330
in its environment and what it's doing

389
00:18:49,690 --> 00:18:47,600
at any given time oh yeah cool so

390
00:19:07,750 --> 00:18:49,700
there's your answer to that yeah we have

391
00:19:09,580 --> 00:19:07,760
a comic from snow the end says I quit we

392
00:19:13,870 --> 00:19:09,590
could jump right into our right hand

393
00:19:18,430 --> 00:19:13,880
fire let me start session emphasis on

394
00:19:21,010 --> 00:19:18,440
the creek all right Tiffany do that yes

395
00:19:22,870 --> 00:19:21,020
I have one so let's say four Spears how

396
00:19:26,210 --> 00:19:22,880
long did it take to actually create the

397
00:19:29,539 --> 00:19:26,220
robot actually designed that yeah

398
00:19:31,760 --> 00:19:29,549
well as I said this this was a a project

399
00:19:34,730 --> 00:19:31,770
that started MIT with with actually an

400
00:19:36,860 --> 00:19:34,740
undergraduate engineering class and so

401
00:19:38,539 --> 00:19:36,870
the students worked on that extensively

402
00:19:40,130 --> 00:19:38,549
that led to a number of different

403
00:19:42,890 --> 00:19:40,140
prototypes and eventually those were

404
00:19:44,390 --> 00:19:42,900
sent up to the space station but you

405
00:19:45,950 --> 00:19:44,400
know the reality is that it's hard to

406
00:19:47,899 --> 00:19:45,960
say exactly how long it takes to build

407
00:19:50,570 --> 00:19:47,909
something because you have to design it

408
00:19:51,950 --> 00:19:50,580
test it there are lot of things for the

409
00:19:53,450 --> 00:19:51,960
space station that we're concerned about

410
00:19:55,250 --> 00:19:53,460
in terms of making sure things are safe

411
00:19:57,080 --> 00:19:55,260
right of course in terms of like

412
00:19:59,360 --> 00:19:57,090
materials and how it operates and all

413
00:20:00,710 --> 00:19:59,370
those kinds of things so a fair amount

414
00:20:01,640 --> 00:20:00,720
of time especially with that and then of

415
00:20:02,930 --> 00:20:01,650
course once they get on the space

416
00:20:08,360 --> 00:20:02,940
station you know just because you get

417
00:20:10,190 --> 00:20:08,370
there done every single robot that goes

418
00:20:14,529 --> 00:20:10,200
up into space we're still learning how

419
00:20:17,510 --> 00:20:14,539
to improve and make them better a

420
00:20:27,740 --> 00:20:17,520
comment about int ball from airplane man

421
00:20:30,049 --> 00:20:27,750
1997 so cute yes the Jaypee guy has a

422
00:20:31,610 --> 00:20:30,059
question about learning and training to

423
00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:31,620
do things like you guys do

424
00:20:35,029 --> 00:20:33,330
it is it possible to learn robotics by

425
00:20:36,529 --> 00:20:35,039
self-study and tinkering with machines

426
00:20:40,070 --> 00:20:36,539
what books or resources would you

427
00:20:43,279 --> 00:20:40,080
suggest yes I would say I would say so

428
00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:43,289
robotics is it's very broad field so you

429
00:20:49,430 --> 00:20:47,490
can contribute to a robotics project you

430
00:20:52,250 --> 00:20:49,440
know with any kind of background almost

431
00:20:54,799 --> 00:20:52,260
you know product designers you know

432
00:20:55,909 --> 00:20:54,809
programmers electrical engineers

433
00:20:59,240 --> 00:20:55,919
mechanical engineers

434
00:21:01,970 --> 00:20:59,250
so really it's whatever you love to do

435
00:21:04,340 --> 00:21:01,980
you know what would you prefer to to do

436
00:21:07,460 --> 00:21:04,350
and then you know you can contribute

437
00:21:09,169 --> 00:21:07,470
then to yeah a robotics team that's

438
00:21:11,180 --> 00:21:09,179
awesome that's good news do a lot of

439
00:21:13,130 --> 00:21:11,190
different things yeah and I think a

440
00:21:14,210 --> 00:21:13,140
great thing today which didn't exist a

441
00:21:16,430 --> 00:21:14,220
few years ago is there are a lot of

442
00:21:18,470 --> 00:21:16,440
online classes you can take in robotics

443
00:21:19,490 --> 00:21:18,480
and so I think learning by yourself is

444
00:21:21,140 --> 00:21:19,500
totally possible

445
00:21:23,630 --> 00:21:21,150
there are even open-source robotics

446
00:21:24,740 --> 00:21:23,640
projects that you can contribute to and

447
00:21:27,140 --> 00:21:24,750
so I think the important thing is just

448
00:21:28,909 --> 00:21:27,150
to get involved and not worry about

449
00:21:35,599 --> 00:21:28,919
whether or not this is in a university

450
00:21:46,409 --> 00:21:44,039
and get started yeah mr tritscher prime

451
00:21:48,690 --> 00:21:46,419
qwerty r back I saw the floating square

452
00:21:50,549 --> 00:21:48,700
a robot assistant Esther B or maybe it

453
00:21:52,469 --> 00:21:50,559
was the other one I forget the name the

454
00:22:04,109 --> 00:21:52,479
assistant robots testing on the

455
00:22:06,899 --> 00:22:04,119
International and of course we had the

456
00:22:09,060 --> 00:22:06,909
speech TV net says on the ISS do they

457
00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:09,070
have something they can talk to or ask

458
00:22:17,570 --> 00:22:10,690
questions like a lecture at Google home

459
00:22:22,169 --> 00:22:20,279
good question Godzilla's asks can we

460
00:22:24,389 --> 00:22:22,179
expect robots to take over the role of

461
00:22:26,969 --> 00:22:24,399
astronauts on spacewalks and conduct

462
00:22:28,950 --> 00:22:26,979
things such as maintenance well I think

463
00:22:31,830 --> 00:22:28,960
you know machen is one of those things

464
00:22:33,839 --> 00:22:31,840
that we really want to see robots you

465
00:22:36,869 --> 00:22:33,849
know take on an increasing role because

466
00:22:39,450 --> 00:22:36,879
so much of the time of astronauts today

467
00:22:41,249 --> 00:22:39,460
is spent doing preventive and corrective

468
00:22:44,039 --> 00:22:41,259
maintenance onboard the space station

469
00:22:45,930 --> 00:22:44,049
and so we'd love to have robots be able

470
00:22:47,580 --> 00:22:45,940
to take spacewalks but you know right

471
00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:47,590
now we have these large arms that are

472
00:22:50,669 --> 00:22:49,210
actually used to do some amount of

473
00:22:55,919 --> 00:22:50,679
maintenance external to the space

474
00:23:01,769 --> 00:22:55,929
station without astronauts do you have

475
00:23:03,599 --> 00:23:01,779
another one you wanna see here there's a

476
00:23:17,639 --> 00:23:03,609
question about robotics competitions

477
00:23:18,889 --> 00:23:17,649
yeah MIT developed the exactly and it's

478
00:23:21,779 --> 00:23:18,899
a middle school and a high school

479
00:23:24,029 --> 00:23:21,789
sophomore competition so awesome the

480
00:23:26,909 --> 00:23:24,039
preliminaries are done in simulation you

481
00:23:29,369 --> 00:23:26,919
you program the spheres to perform

482
00:23:30,779 --> 00:23:29,379
certain tasks that so the preliminary

483
00:23:32,669 --> 00:23:30,789
rounds are done in simulation and then

484
00:23:34,830 --> 00:23:32,679
the finalists get to fly their code

485
00:23:37,769 --> 00:23:34,840
along the spheres on the international

486
00:23:38,940 --> 00:23:37,779
space station for real excellent yeah

487
00:23:40,499 --> 00:23:38,950
I'm good all in high school middle and

488
00:23:43,739 --> 00:23:40,509
high school yeah yeah

489
00:23:45,850 --> 00:23:43,749
get started early yeah it was not

490
00:24:02,710 --> 00:23:45,860
sending code to the space station

491
00:24:04,990 --> 00:24:02,720
I don't want to say my age the question

492
00:24:07,750 --> 00:24:05,000
here for Cali cama

493
00:24:10,299 --> 00:24:07,760
do you see a point where robot robotics

494
00:24:14,680 --> 00:24:10,309
will be able to perform enough tasks

495
00:24:16,180 --> 00:24:14,690
where humans won't be needed on ISS you

496
00:24:18,010 --> 00:24:16,190
know I am often asked that question

497
00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:18,020
about you know you know the relative

498
00:24:23,169 --> 00:24:20,090
strengths and weaknesses of humans and

499
00:24:24,789 --> 00:24:23,179
robots and I I think that you know we

500
00:24:26,289 --> 00:24:24,799
will always have humans involved in

501
00:24:28,799 --> 00:24:26,299
space I mean partially it's because you

502
00:24:31,299 --> 00:24:28,809
know we as humans want to also explore

503
00:24:33,490 --> 00:24:31,309
but it's also the case too that you know

504
00:24:36,220 --> 00:24:33,500
we can't do everything by ourselves and

505
00:24:38,530 --> 00:24:36,230
just like any you know team you know is

506
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:38,540
more than one person involved and I

507
00:24:41,620 --> 00:24:40,010
think that'd be more than you know one

508
00:24:43,570 --> 00:24:41,630
human and one robot and more than just

509
00:24:46,110 --> 00:24:43,580
robots really I think the future is

510
00:24:49,060 --> 00:24:46,120
humans and robots together yeah yeah

511
00:24:52,480 --> 00:24:49,070
cool how about one more question from

512
00:24:55,510 --> 00:24:52,490
the chat okay move on which I have now

513
00:24:57,880 --> 00:24:55,520
lost space TV net hello wants to know

514
00:25:00,850 --> 00:24:57,890
what animal shape is the best for robots

515
00:25:04,330 --> 00:25:00,860
in zero gravity is there an animal in

516
00:25:08,340 --> 00:25:04,340
sprin nature inspiration shapes that

517
00:25:13,120 --> 00:25:11,470
for guys you know we like at least for

518
00:25:15,070 --> 00:25:13,130
flying robots to have some sort of

519
00:25:18,610 --> 00:25:15,080
symmetry to them because they can fly in

520
00:25:20,500 --> 00:25:18,620
any direction in space sometimes I think

521
00:25:23,830 --> 00:25:20,510
robot design draws inspiration from

522
00:25:25,659 --> 00:25:23,840
animals in biology has obviously evolved

523
00:25:27,070 --> 00:25:25,669
all kinds of different shapes different

524
00:25:28,990 --> 00:25:27,080
forms and we'd like to try to take

525
00:25:30,340 --> 00:25:29,000
advantage of that but we also sometimes

526
00:25:32,919 --> 00:25:30,350
draw inspiration you know as we said

527
00:25:34,810 --> 00:25:32,929
from like science fiction you know the

528
00:25:36,490 --> 00:25:34,820
idea that people come up with in

529
00:25:42,549 --> 00:25:36,500
Hollywood for robots I mean sometimes

530
00:25:43,870 --> 00:25:42,559
okay which makes the shape also it

531
00:25:45,940 --> 00:25:43,880
depends on what functionality you're

532
00:25:48,250 --> 00:25:45,950
looking for so you build it so that it's

533
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:48,260
most efficient at the job interview want

534
00:25:53,430 --> 00:25:51,290
to accomplish so that's what drives that

535
00:25:55,500 --> 00:25:53,440
drives the show all right

536
00:25:57,900 --> 00:25:55,510
it makes sense well speaking of science

537
00:25:59,760 --> 00:25:57,910
fiction okay my question for us we see

538
00:26:01,440 --> 00:25:59,770
robots all over in movies and TV shows

539
00:26:03,990 --> 00:26:01,450
comics everything what are your

540
00:26:07,020 --> 00:26:04,000
favorites oh that's easy I mean for me

541
00:26:10,140 --> 00:26:07,030
you know my favorite robot is k9 which

542
00:26:13,470 --> 00:26:10,150
comes from Doctor Who k9 was the doctors

543
00:26:15,750 --> 00:26:13,480
robot dog and had basically you know a

544
00:26:19,170 --> 00:26:15,760
supercomputer built in inside and a

545
00:26:21,710 --> 00:26:19,180
little laser that's knows but yeah k9 no

546
00:26:27,480 --> 00:26:21,720
question have you built a dog robot yet

547
00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:27,490
I have to say that one of my previous

548
00:26:41,510 --> 00:26:38,650
robots in our group I don't really play

549
00:26:49,310 --> 00:26:41,520
favorites I don't really have a favorite

550
00:26:53,460 --> 00:26:52,830
all right well speaking of your

551
00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:53,470
favorites

552
00:26:57,890 --> 00:26:55,450
well now let's come to that in just a

553
00:26:59,970 --> 00:26:57,900
moment okay so we wanted to talk about

554
00:27:02,490 --> 00:26:59,980
characteristic yeah like what kind of

555
00:27:05,610 --> 00:27:02,500
qualities do you look for in a robot

556
00:27:07,380 --> 00:27:05,620
yeah right you know we look for we look

557
00:27:08,820 --> 00:27:07,390
for robots that can really help out

558
00:27:11,310 --> 00:27:08,830
especially we're talking about humans

559
00:27:13,980 --> 00:27:11,320
and robots in space yeah to really work

560
00:27:16,650 --> 00:27:13,990
well together and I think just like here

561
00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:16,660
on earth there's no single definition of

562
00:27:20,580 --> 00:27:18,850
what a team is the same is true in space

563
00:27:22,950 --> 00:27:20,590
I mean fact we could have robots that

564
00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:22,960
work say before humans or robots that

565
00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:25,690
work after humans or maybe even in

566
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:27,970
parallel or in support so the idea is

567
00:27:32,820 --> 00:27:30,010
that you could have a team and all kinds

568
00:27:35,010 --> 00:27:32,830
of you know different settings and so

569
00:27:37,290 --> 00:27:35,020
sometimes we build robots to do things

570
00:27:38,730 --> 00:27:37,300
that might take a long period of time

571
00:27:39,360 --> 00:27:38,740
you have them work either before or

572
00:27:41,070 --> 00:27:39,370
after

573
00:27:44,220 --> 00:27:41,080
other times we want robots that can

574
00:27:46,890 --> 00:27:44,230
interact more sort of like human speed

575
00:27:50,610 --> 00:27:46,900
pacing so just like we're talking we'd

576
00:27:53,070 --> 00:27:50,620
like robots they can react to us - do

577
00:27:55,590 --> 00:27:53,080
you remember the other day - yes his

578
00:27:55,590 --> 00:27:55,600
comparison

579
00:27:55,600 --> 00:27:58,890
[Music]

580
00:28:03,700 --> 00:28:01,660
and Marie and I we spend all of our time

581
00:28:05,920 --> 00:28:03,710
here at work you know thinking about him

582
00:28:09,090 --> 00:28:05,930
trying to build robots and you know

583
00:28:11,740 --> 00:28:09,100
sometimes I admit it's it's frustrating

584
00:28:15,870 --> 00:28:11,750
it's it's not unlike you know trying to

585
00:28:18,520 --> 00:28:15,880
raise kids to be you know good

586
00:28:21,910 --> 00:28:18,530
autonomous team members and to work with

587
00:28:23,350 --> 00:28:21,920
you and you know sometimes I'm not sure

588
00:28:24,610 --> 00:28:23,360
if it's more or less challenging than

589
00:28:28,990 --> 00:28:24,620
trying to build robots to do the same

590
00:28:41,820 --> 00:28:29,000
thing my kids have grown up to be you

591
00:28:41,830 --> 00:28:51,930
[Laughter]

592
00:29:27,040 --> 00:29:05,860
vacuum cleaner to get well should we

593
00:29:29,650 --> 00:29:27,050
talk about what's the name in general

594
00:29:32,170 --> 00:29:29,660
these robots are called Astro B or hasta

595
00:29:35,920 --> 00:29:32,180
B's but they each have their own name

596
00:29:38,320 --> 00:29:35,930
and the color so this stunt double model

597
00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:38,330
you see is you turn it so you can see

598
00:29:44,170 --> 00:29:40,610
the color better is orange

599
00:29:46,870 --> 00:29:44,180
and it's called killer Olivia d'ervy but

600
00:29:49,260 --> 00:29:46,880
we also have three of these on space

601
00:29:52,780 --> 00:29:49,270
station currently and they are named

602
00:29:59,260 --> 00:29:52,790
bumble which is blue honey which is

603
00:30:00,940 --> 00:29:59,270
yellow and Queen which is green we

604
00:30:04,330 --> 00:30:00,950
always know which one it is of course on

605
00:30:06,250 --> 00:30:04,340
the color yeah so yeah this is Myra my

606
00:30:08,450 --> 00:30:06,260
favorite robot we just finished building

607
00:30:12,290 --> 00:30:08,460
these and watching them

608
00:30:13,670 --> 00:30:12,300
I'm very exciting yeah it's Maria's

609
00:30:21,170 --> 00:30:13,680
favorite robot cuz the past four years

610
00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:21,180
of my life exactly Farah no ask how long

611
00:30:24,950 --> 00:30:23,010
it takes to build something well as to

612
00:30:27,890 --> 00:30:24,960
be well it's been now almost five years

613
00:30:30,230 --> 00:30:27,900
since we started but but I mean fish

614
00:30:32,210 --> 00:30:30,240
building them and launching them within

615
00:30:33,740 --> 00:30:32,220
those five years so so they're and

616
00:30:36,470 --> 00:30:33,750
they're now starting to operate with it

617
00:30:39,670 --> 00:30:36,480
yeah so about like a little over four

618
00:30:41,840 --> 00:30:39,680
years to build the actual flight units

619
00:30:44,030 --> 00:30:41,850
and so I can I can tell you a little bit

620
00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:44,040
about how these work the number one

621
00:30:48,380 --> 00:30:45,450
question I get when talking about

622
00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:48,390
Ospreys was how do they move in day

623
00:30:53,690 --> 00:30:51,570
right so first of all after me only

624
00:30:57,370 --> 00:30:53,700
works inside the space station because

625
00:31:01,040 --> 00:30:57,380
it needs air it's fan base propulsion

626
00:31:05,060 --> 00:31:01,050
there are two fans on board the sort of

627
00:31:05,690 --> 00:31:05,070
circular yeah I can see it better there

628
00:31:07,730 --> 00:31:05,700
we go

629
00:31:16,970 --> 00:31:07,740
the the circular opening that you see on

630
00:31:18,740 --> 00:31:16,980
the side maybe like a speaker that's a

631
00:31:21,860 --> 00:31:18,750
there's an impeller fan in there so that

632
00:31:24,350 --> 00:31:21,870
pulls air in and lightly pressurizes the

633
00:31:26,450 --> 00:31:24,360
propulsion module and then those grills

634
00:31:28,190 --> 00:31:26,460
that you see there's there's two on

635
00:31:37,760 --> 00:31:28,200
every side so there's twelve total

636
00:31:40,430 --> 00:31:37,770
that's right open and close releasing

637
00:31:43,190 --> 00:31:40,440
some of that pressurized air and that's

638
00:31:45,290 --> 00:31:43,200
how it pushes itself around Space

639
00:31:47,750 --> 00:31:45,300
Station all right so yeah it's it's very

640
00:31:51,530 --> 00:31:47,760
light pressure it's only about point one

641
00:31:53,120 --> 00:31:51,540
psi over the ambient station pressure so

642
00:31:57,710 --> 00:31:53,130
very safe it's not gonna you know

643
00:31:59,420 --> 00:31:57,720
anything yes in fact we've seen it when

644
00:32:06,140 --> 00:31:59,430
its operating on orbit we'll see like

645
00:32:09,590 --> 00:32:06,150
here definitely see the air is moving

646
00:32:12,020 --> 00:32:09,600
yeah it's not gonna like push them out

647
00:32:14,510 --> 00:32:12,030
away you're an asset for this to push

648
00:32:16,220 --> 00:32:14,520
out yeah yeah cool all right now and

649
00:32:19,340 --> 00:32:16,230
then of course the other question we

650
00:32:20,340 --> 00:32:19,350
always get is how does it how does it

651
00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:20,350
know where it is

652
00:32:27,509 --> 00:32:22,090
you know how does it move and navigate

653
00:32:29,159 --> 00:32:27,519
and not crash into the walls it's sort

654
00:32:33,180 --> 00:32:29,169
of central white section that you see

655
00:32:36,409 --> 00:32:33,190
right there is the the heart and soul of

656
00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:36,419
it it's the core module inside our three

657
00:32:42,600 --> 00:32:39,490
cell phone class computers so pretty

658
00:32:50,669 --> 00:32:42,610
much the same as your cell phone and it

659
00:32:53,129 --> 00:32:50,679
uses a camera but the main camera the

660
00:32:56,850 --> 00:32:53,139
navigation camera on this end right

661
00:32:59,399 --> 00:32:56,860
there it uses that camera to look at

662
00:33:01,799 --> 00:32:59,409
features inside the space station okay

663
00:33:04,139 --> 00:33:01,809
so it has a map that it keeps on board

664
00:33:05,940 --> 00:33:04,149
of features it knows where those you

665
00:33:07,889 --> 00:33:05,950
know features should be in the station

666
00:33:09,659 --> 00:33:07,899
and then as its flying around it

667
00:33:12,680 --> 00:33:09,669
compares what it currently sees to that

668
00:33:15,210 --> 00:33:12,690
map to you know figure out where it is

669
00:33:17,249 --> 00:33:15,220
just like you know humans recognize

670
00:33:19,169 --> 00:33:17,259
landmarks to understand where we are

671
00:33:22,590 --> 00:33:19,179
this does that but in a much more

672
00:33:24,480 --> 00:33:22,600
precise manner and you know I think the

673
00:33:26,070 --> 00:33:24,490
other thing that Maria was kind of you

674
00:33:28,320 --> 00:33:26,080
know pointed out is that we've added a

675
00:33:30,419 --> 00:33:28,330
whole bunch of cameras on here that's

676
00:33:32,490 --> 00:33:30,429
really enable it to fly around and know

677
00:33:33,930 --> 00:33:32,500
where it is some of these are optimized

678
00:33:35,879 --> 00:33:33,940
for really sort of like the closed-end

679
00:33:38,820 --> 00:33:35,889
docking that you might want to do with a

680
00:33:40,590 --> 00:33:38,830
robot we need a lot of accuracy and

681
00:33:42,389 --> 00:33:40,600
others therefore just sort of like free

682
00:33:44,730 --> 00:33:42,399
flight when you're really just trying to

683
00:33:46,470 --> 00:33:44,740
worry about hey am I going to you know

684
00:33:48,930 --> 00:33:46,480
be in the center of a module or near a

685
00:33:50,129 --> 00:33:48,940
wall and that kind of thing yeah and

686
00:33:53,279 --> 00:33:50,139
then the last thing I like to point out

687
00:33:55,740 --> 00:33:53,289
on this model and part of the main

688
00:33:57,960 --> 00:33:55,750
purpose of this robot is to carry

689
00:34:00,419 --> 00:33:57,970
payloads we are actually going to be

690
00:34:03,389 --> 00:34:00,429
replacing the spheres that we saw

691
00:34:06,600 --> 00:34:03,399
earlier of to carry around other

692
00:34:08,790 --> 00:34:06,610
experiments okay and so there's a lot of

693
00:34:12,840 --> 00:34:08,800
open space you can sort of see me and

694
00:34:19,300 --> 00:34:16,930
allows other technologies to plug into

695
00:34:20,740 --> 00:34:19,310
this robot and we will fly you around

696
00:34:21,670 --> 00:34:20,750
where you ever you want to go in Space

697
00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:21,680
Station

698
00:34:26,680 --> 00:34:23,930
take your experiments your equipment

699
00:34:30,730 --> 00:34:26,690
yeah we'll take you around Space Station

700
00:34:32,890 --> 00:34:30,740
how cool is that if people out there

701
00:34:35,590 --> 00:34:32,900
have an idea for I got a great you know

702
00:34:37,480 --> 00:34:35,600
mechanism or a sensor or something else

703
00:34:42,340 --> 00:34:37,490
that could be built for s Trippi and you

704
00:34:44,320 --> 00:34:42,350
can go to wboc.com / Astro be a STR OBE

705
00:34:46,810 --> 00:34:44,330
and you'll find all kinds of information

706
00:34:49,720 --> 00:34:46,820
about the Astro B guest science program

707
00:34:51,730 --> 00:34:49,730
and that tells people about you know the

708
00:34:53,950 --> 00:34:51,740
physical size of the payload bay is you

709
00:34:56,440 --> 00:34:53,960
know how you can really develop software

710
00:34:57,580 --> 00:34:56,450
for this actually some of some of our

711
00:35:00,430 --> 00:34:57,590
interesting experiments are just gonna

712
00:35:02,560 --> 00:35:00,440
be just purely software people right and

713
00:35:04,600 --> 00:35:02,570
we upload into one or more of the

714
00:35:12,460 --> 00:35:04,610
processors onboard do you want some of

715
00:35:15,160 --> 00:35:12,470
our payload oh sure is this it's a it's

716
00:35:16,630 --> 00:35:15,170
actually a robot arm you can see the

717
00:35:35,550 --> 00:35:16,640
gripper here and we can open the gripper

718
00:35:39,610 --> 00:35:38,050
this is a payload for Astra be just like

719
00:35:41,470 --> 00:35:39,620
any other and it can plug in on the

720
00:35:43,720 --> 00:35:41,480
Henderson murió just show you where it

721
00:35:46,060 --> 00:35:43,730
would go like right in here in the top

722
00:35:49,090 --> 00:35:46,070
payload Bay we just slot it in here all

723
00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:49,100
right right these couple of levers here

724
00:35:53,290 --> 00:35:52,010
that the astronauts can can switch to

725
00:35:56,560 --> 00:35:53,300
lock it into place

726
00:35:58,900 --> 00:35:56,570
mm-hmm and so it ends oh how it should

727
00:36:01,060 --> 00:35:58,910
be used approaching arm oh so it has it

728
00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:01,070
has this gripper on the front here and

729
00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:02,330
you know I can actually open this up

730
00:36:09,340 --> 00:36:05,810
here this is designed to really you know

731
00:36:10,990 --> 00:36:09,350
reach in and grab something grab the

732
00:36:13,630 --> 00:36:11,000
bottle of water here

733
00:36:15,310 --> 00:36:13,640
okay but inside the space station there

734
00:36:17,050 --> 00:36:15,320
are all these handrails that are all

735
00:36:18,640 --> 00:36:17,060
over inside the space station and the

736
00:36:21,190 --> 00:36:18,650
astronauts actually reach out they grab

737
00:36:24,100 --> 00:36:21,200
on to them to hold on hold themselves in

738
00:36:26,140 --> 00:36:24,110
position or to push themselves on on to

739
00:36:28,780 --> 00:36:26,150
the next area and we can take advantage

740
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:28,790
of all the handrails there for Astra be

741
00:36:33,310 --> 00:36:31,040
to grab onto and that's why we refer to

742
00:36:35,200 --> 00:36:33,320
this actually as the perching arm you

743
00:36:37,360 --> 00:36:35,210
know it's it's meant to perch on to

744
00:36:39,070 --> 00:36:37,370
things inside a station right when after

745
00:36:41,470 --> 00:36:39,080
we grabs hold of the handrail we can

746
00:36:43,980 --> 00:36:41,480
turn the propulsion modules off and save

747
00:36:49,150 --> 00:36:46,690
and because there's a camera we have a

748
00:36:51,100 --> 00:36:49,160
high-def camera on the front end and

749
00:36:54,040 --> 00:36:51,110
that the perching arm here would be off

750
00:36:56,820 --> 00:36:54,050
the back end right we can use this then

751
00:37:00,160 --> 00:36:56,830
as a pan tilt unit to point the camera

752
00:37:02,020 --> 00:37:00,170
okay so you can still move the can't

753
00:37:03,640 --> 00:37:02,030
even though the robot is kind of grabbed

754
00:37:05,980 --> 00:37:03,650
on to something and not flying around

755
00:37:08,680 --> 00:37:05,990
you can still point the camera and the

756
00:37:13,180 --> 00:37:08,690
camera we can still be working yeah I

757
00:37:15,040 --> 00:37:13,190
have a question here from M DM PhD what

758
00:37:16,480 --> 00:37:15,050
serious mission aspects can be worked by

759
00:37:20,170 --> 00:37:16,490
robots such as pester beam

760
00:37:22,510 --> 00:37:20,180
oh all kinds of things you know this in

761
00:37:24,670 --> 00:37:22,520
addition to being a research platform

762
00:37:27,130 --> 00:37:24,680
you know that's a gonna follow on two

763
00:37:29,260 --> 00:37:27,140
spheres is also for us meant to be

764
00:37:30,670 --> 00:37:29,270
something we can test out various things

765
00:37:33,340 --> 00:37:30,680
that we would like future robots to do

766
00:37:36,460 --> 00:37:33,350
inside of you know spacecraft or maybe

767
00:37:38,530 --> 00:37:36,470
even future habitats on planets so for

768
00:37:41,170 --> 00:37:38,540
example this robot is going to carry a

769
00:37:43,930 --> 00:37:41,180
different payload built by our friends

770
00:37:47,860 --> 00:37:43,940
down at NASA Johnson in Texas that's an

771
00:37:49,810 --> 00:37:47,870
RFID scanner so basically we can go

772
00:37:52,120 --> 00:37:49,820
around and use the free flying robot to

773
00:37:54,040 --> 00:37:52,130
take inventory of things that we have

774
00:37:58,150 --> 00:37:54,050
tagged with you know little little tags

775
00:38:01,120 --> 00:37:58,160
just like in your credit cards and

776
00:38:03,730 --> 00:38:01,130
grocery stores just to do inventory so

777
00:38:05,680 --> 00:38:03,740
inventory is a great task for robots

778
00:38:08,230 --> 00:38:05,690
another is just monitoring the

779
00:38:10,150 --> 00:38:08,240
environment just trying to assess you

780
00:38:12,220 --> 00:38:10,160
know like light levels or sound levels

781
00:38:13,870 --> 00:38:12,230
or air quality and so we can put

782
00:38:16,210 --> 00:38:13,880
different sensors onto Astra P and do

783
00:38:18,460 --> 00:38:16,220
that you know all kinds of interesting

784
00:38:20,380 --> 00:38:18,470
things that you can use a robot for

785
00:38:22,420 --> 00:38:20,390
really you know help take care of the

786
00:38:23,950 --> 00:38:22,430
environment inside your spacecraft and

787
00:38:24,370 --> 00:38:23,960
kind of freeing up the time for the

788
00:38:25,450 --> 00:38:24,380
Astra

789
00:38:27,430 --> 00:38:25,460
that's right because they spent a lot of

790
00:38:29,650 --> 00:38:27,440
time doing tasks like the inventory and

791
00:38:32,319 --> 00:38:29,660
the monitoring and if you have a robot

792
00:38:33,910 --> 00:38:32,329
doing that it you know freezin about to

793
00:38:38,950 --> 00:38:33,920
do other things right yes that kind of

794
00:38:40,930 --> 00:38:38,960
the I think today maybe we'll talk about

795
00:38:43,299 --> 00:38:40,940
this more and later on in the the show

796
00:38:45,069 --> 00:38:43,309
here but you know today on the space

797
00:38:46,509 --> 00:38:45,079
station it's a place where we have you

798
00:38:48,910 --> 00:38:46,519
know astronauts all the time it's been

799
00:38:50,559 --> 00:38:48,920
continuously man for a long time now but

800
00:38:52,150 --> 00:38:50,569
the astronauts actually spend a lot of

801
00:38:54,039 --> 00:38:52,160
their time doing maintenance a lot of

802
00:38:56,470 --> 00:38:54,049
routine maintenance some of it is just

803
00:38:57,910 --> 00:38:56,480
you know preventive you know it's time

804
00:38:58,299 --> 00:38:57,920
to actually you know change an air

805
00:38:59,799 --> 00:38:58,309
filter

806
00:39:01,960 --> 00:38:59,809
some of it is corrective because

807
00:39:03,880 --> 00:39:01,970
something broke and we'd like to try to

808
00:39:05,470 --> 00:39:03,890
use robots to help take care of those

809
00:39:09,809 --> 00:39:05,480
tasks so that you know the astronauts

810
00:39:22,539 --> 00:39:12,819
have a couple of comments about Astor V

811
00:39:26,710 --> 00:39:22,549
that's one weird-looking r2d2 kind of

812
00:39:28,390 --> 00:39:26,720
like a companion cube yes it's been

813
00:39:33,400 --> 00:39:28,400
pointed out to us that the resemblance

814
00:39:36,999 --> 00:39:33,410
in the past all right we have a question

815
00:39:43,749 --> 00:39:37,009
here this is how do you charge or

816
00:39:46,960 --> 00:39:43,759
recharge the attributes the astra B

817
00:39:50,829 --> 00:39:46,970
actually has a docking station on on

818
00:39:52,930 --> 00:39:50,839
space station that lets us the robot can

819
00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:52,940
actually autonomously plug itself in so

820
00:39:57,970 --> 00:39:55,970
it's kind of your Roomba in space you

821
00:40:01,450 --> 00:39:57,980
can go out and fly these sorties where

822
00:40:03,400 --> 00:40:01,460
it takes measurements and does guess

823
00:40:05,740 --> 00:40:03,410
science and then when it starts the

824
00:40:08,410 --> 00:40:05,750
power starts to run low it has a docking

825
00:40:10,569 --> 00:40:08,420
port on the back which we see here and

826
00:40:13,690 --> 00:40:10,579
it can actually back itself into its its

827
00:40:15,609 --> 00:40:13,700
docking station and recharge and we also

828
00:40:18,339 --> 00:40:15,619
give it an Ethernet connection to the

829
00:40:20,259 --> 00:40:18,349
space station local area network when we

830
00:40:23,079 --> 00:40:20,269
do that so we get a little bit a higher

831
00:40:26,820 --> 00:40:23,089
bandwidth on vacation oh yeah okay so

832
00:40:29,810 --> 00:40:26,830
you could download a neat detail exactly

833
00:40:37,070 --> 00:40:29,820
[Laughter]

834
00:40:44,490 --> 00:40:42,950
Astra B's first autonomous undock we see

835
00:40:46,350 --> 00:40:44,500
astronaut daavid

836
00:40:52,280 --> 00:40:46,360
they're giving us the play-by-play

837
00:40:57,030 --> 00:40:54,870
this motion and then here we see it

838
00:40:59,790 --> 00:40:57,040
docking this is our first autonomous

839
00:41:01,980 --> 00:40:59,800
docking motion so it just backed itself

840
00:41:03,480 --> 00:41:01,990
up into the dock we'll see a little like

841
00:41:06,570 --> 00:41:03,490
come on telling us that there we go

842
00:41:11,400 --> 00:41:06,580
we've got a good connection this was big

843
00:41:20,940 --> 00:41:11,410
celebration for us and and crew was very

844
00:41:26,100 --> 00:41:20,950
excited - yeah what if the astronauts

845
00:41:27,990 --> 00:41:26,110
say about working with aster be really

846
00:41:30,000 --> 00:41:28,000
positive comments from them I mean for

847
00:41:33,690 --> 00:41:30,010
them really it's it's a new teammate in

848
00:41:36,270 --> 00:41:33,700
space and you know I recall the first

849
00:41:38,070 --> 00:41:36,280
time you know that a3 was at least the

850
00:41:41,120 --> 00:41:38,080
first Astra be what was unboxed it was

851
00:41:44,160 --> 00:41:41,130
kind of like you know Christmas in space

852
00:41:44,580 --> 00:41:44,170
I got a new teammate I got a new

853
00:41:46,530 --> 00:41:44,590
roommate

854
00:42:02,940 --> 00:41:46,540
all you want and I can teach you how to

855
00:42:04,560 --> 00:42:02,950
actually you know be a good roommate so

856
00:42:05,790 --> 00:42:04,570
we certainly have that we well we were

857
00:42:07,920 --> 00:42:05,800
first building it was very much a

858
00:42:09,870 --> 00:42:07,930
concern that we would be good teammates

859
00:42:12,330 --> 00:42:09,880
that we would be for instance too loud

860
00:42:16,890 --> 00:42:12,340
you know we wanted to stay quiet and we

861
00:42:18,990 --> 00:42:16,900
don't to be annoying it's gonna make a

862
00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:19,000
constant noise so we want to you know

863
00:42:23,610 --> 00:42:21,010
minimize that and so far the feedback

864
00:42:25,470 --> 00:42:23,620
we've gotten from from astronauts is

865
00:42:27,390 --> 00:42:25,480
that it's it's very reasonable it's not

866
00:42:34,579 --> 00:42:27,400
too loud and it's they actually kind of

867
00:42:40,140 --> 00:42:37,009
fun things to say the other day about

868
00:42:42,719 --> 00:42:40,150
the astronauts are guiding it around I

869
00:42:44,609 --> 00:42:42,729
think so yes

870
00:42:47,189 --> 00:42:44,619
one of the first activities we had to do

871
00:42:50,789 --> 00:42:47,199
is build the map of the inside of the

872
00:42:52,559 --> 00:42:50,799
space station you need to know what it

873
00:42:56,160 --> 00:42:52,569
really looks like you know from the

874
00:42:59,400 --> 00:42:56,170
robots point of view so astronauts ovide

875
00:43:00,929 --> 00:42:59,410
was actually flying us manually flying

876
00:43:03,749 --> 00:43:00,939
us around so that we could collect

877
00:43:04,709 --> 00:43:03,759
imagery data while he was moving us

878
00:43:07,549 --> 00:43:04,719
around because we don't know where we

879
00:43:10,199 --> 00:43:07,559
are yet so we can't fly ourselves so we

880
00:43:11,459 --> 00:43:10,209
moved us back and forth and he it was

881
00:43:18,179 --> 00:43:11,469
great he said it was like teaching a

882
00:43:19,949 --> 00:43:18,189
child I must say it was really

883
00:43:22,259 --> 00:43:19,959
interesting and like exciting watching

884
00:43:24,599 --> 00:43:22,269
you guys you know do these you know

885
00:43:26,039 --> 00:43:24,609
tests in the lab here and just the

886
00:43:28,079 --> 00:43:26,049
excitement I mean the astronauts are

887
00:43:30,689 --> 00:43:28,089
excited and then the team's excited here

888
00:43:38,249 --> 00:43:30,699
it's really really cool experience I was

889
00:43:40,469 --> 00:43:38,259
in the back you know working through the

890
00:43:42,299 --> 00:43:40,479
design and development of Astro B and

891
00:43:44,459 --> 00:43:42,309
certainly I think for the team you know

892
00:43:46,229 --> 00:43:44,469
seeing it in space was just hugely you

893
00:43:47,969 --> 00:43:46,239
know really rewarding it was really

894
00:43:50,069 --> 00:43:47,979
great to see that you know you actually

895
00:43:52,289 --> 00:43:50,079
happen I can give you some breaking news

896
00:43:55,949 --> 00:43:52,299
that just yesterday morning very early

897
00:43:57,900 --> 00:43:55,959
in the morning we we have a test with

898
00:44:00,599 --> 00:43:57,910
Astro be with with bumble the blue or

899
00:44:02,969 --> 00:44:00,609
the blue robot flying it around it flew

900
00:44:04,199 --> 00:44:02,979
itself it autonomously operated it ran a

901
00:44:05,849 --> 00:44:04,209
whole bunch of plans

902
00:44:09,410 --> 00:44:05,859
you know undocked itself flew around

903
00:44:12,269 --> 00:44:09,420
came back to dock it went really great

904
00:44:21,929 --> 00:44:12,279
to see that independence it really is

905
00:44:23,669 --> 00:44:21,939
like a kid we don't want to wait you

906
00:44:29,370 --> 00:44:23,679
know 20 years for it to grow and get a

907
00:44:36,420 --> 00:44:33,560
[Laughter]

908
00:44:38,160 --> 00:44:36,430
all right so we've been talking about

909
00:44:40,470 --> 00:44:38,170
how these robots are helping astronauts

910
00:44:41,910 --> 00:44:40,480
today right so what about looking a

911
00:44:44,460 --> 00:44:41,920
little bit ahead because right now NASA

912
00:44:46,620 --> 00:44:44,470
is busy working to get humans to the

913
00:44:49,410 --> 00:44:46,630
moon in 2024 that's the Emmis burgers

914
00:44:51,510 --> 00:44:49,420
right could you maybe summarize for

915
00:44:53,580 --> 00:44:51,520
people what Artemis is all about and

916
00:44:55,860 --> 00:44:53,590
then yeah so I mean Artemis is certainly

917
00:44:58,320 --> 00:44:55,870
a first step of you know extending human

918
00:45:00,720 --> 00:44:58,330
presence beyond just you know Earth and

919
00:45:02,340 --> 00:45:00,730
Earth orbit you know our goal here is of

920
00:45:04,740 --> 00:45:02,350
course to get people back to the moon

921
00:45:05,760 --> 00:45:04,750
you know by 2024 and to do that we're

922
00:45:08,970 --> 00:45:05,770
building a number of different systems

923
00:45:10,440 --> 00:45:08,980
you know new spacecraft new Landers and

924
00:45:12,750 --> 00:45:10,450
this really interesting thing called the

925
00:45:15,420 --> 00:45:12,760
Gateway yeah you know it's meant to be

926
00:45:17,430 --> 00:45:15,430
an orbiting sort of mini space station

927
00:45:19,890 --> 00:45:17,440
around the moon and it's a place that

928
00:45:21,030 --> 00:45:19,900
we're building not just because we want

929
00:45:22,890 --> 00:45:21,040
something to orbit the moon but it's

930
00:45:25,020 --> 00:45:22,900
really a jumping-off point yeah I'm to

931
00:45:26,790 --> 00:45:25,030
go beyond the moon and also to be a

932
00:45:29,400 --> 00:45:26,800
place where you can you know carry out

933
00:45:31,380 --> 00:45:29,410
experiments beyond Earth orbit in a

934
00:45:34,710 --> 00:45:31,390
place where you can you use that to go

935
00:45:36,000 --> 00:45:34,720
to and from the lunar surface but unlike

936
00:45:37,530 --> 00:45:36,010
the space station it's meant to be a

937
00:45:38,970 --> 00:45:37,540
place where you know we'll only

938
00:45:41,310 --> 00:45:38,980
occasionally be there at least at first

939
00:45:43,170 --> 00:45:41,320
okay and so if you're only there for say

940
00:45:45,090 --> 00:45:43,180
you know a few weeks of the year what

941
00:45:46,470 --> 00:45:45,100
happens rest the time well it's like

942
00:45:48,090 --> 00:45:46,480
having a vacation home you still need to

943
00:45:50,820 --> 00:45:48,100
take care of that maintainer you need to

944
00:45:52,050 --> 00:45:50,830
do caretaking and this in my opinion I

945
00:45:55,500 --> 00:45:52,060
think the very best way of doing that is

946
00:46:08,970 --> 00:45:55,510
to make use of robots you know maybe

947
00:46:10,470 --> 00:46:08,980
they'll be a little lonely because the

948
00:46:12,540 --> 00:46:10,480
Gateway it might be fun for people to

949
00:46:14,670 --> 00:46:12,550
see that and I think you just answered

950
00:46:16,230 --> 00:46:14,680
Pluto Oh nines question could you

951
00:46:20,550 --> 00:46:16,240
explain how the role of robotics could

952
00:46:24,850 --> 00:46:22,750
robots being inside and outside a

953
00:46:28,090 --> 00:46:24,860
station so and I think the same thing is

954
00:46:30,070 --> 00:46:28,100
true about the Gateway certainly we

955
00:46:31,450 --> 00:46:30,080
expect there to be an external robot arm

956
00:46:34,540 --> 00:46:31,460
you can see that right there in the

957
00:46:36,070 --> 00:46:34,550
animation and I think at some point in

958
00:46:38,490 --> 00:46:36,080
the future hopefully not too distant

959
00:46:40,540 --> 00:46:38,500
future we'll see robots inside

960
00:46:43,480 --> 00:46:40,550
performing some of these these

961
00:46:45,610 --> 00:46:43,490
caretaking right now tasks and I think

962
00:46:48,130 --> 00:46:45,620
beyond that to of course you know here

963
00:46:49,810 --> 00:46:48,140
you know at NASA we have spent quite a

964
00:46:52,150 --> 00:46:49,820
bit of time you know researching

965
00:46:54,930 --> 00:46:52,160
studying you know how humans the robots

966
00:46:57,610 --> 00:46:54,940
can work together on planetary surfaces

967
00:46:59,440 --> 00:46:57,620
as we get you know people back to the

968
00:47:01,600 --> 00:46:59,450
moon I fully expect there to be be

969
00:47:03,220 --> 00:47:01,610
robots there as well and there are the

970
00:47:05,980 --> 00:47:03,230
idea is that you could have humans and

971
00:47:07,720 --> 00:47:05,990
robots doing things on the surface maybe

972
00:47:09,130 --> 00:47:07,730
the robots are doing scouting maybe

973
00:47:11,710 --> 00:47:09,140
they're setting up you know

974
00:47:18,490 --> 00:47:11,720
infrastructure like communication arrays

975
00:47:20,650 --> 00:47:18,500
solar panels and they're you know really

976
00:47:22,360 --> 00:47:20,660
I think the honestly the sky's the limit

977
00:47:25,090 --> 00:47:22,370
about the things you can think about or

978
00:47:27,760 --> 00:47:25,100
ways for humans and robots the team as

979
00:47:29,200 --> 00:47:27,770
we carry out future exploration mmm I

980
00:47:30,790 --> 00:47:29,210
think we have a question here from and

981
00:47:35,860 --> 00:47:30,800
you know to what you're speaking about

982
00:47:39,190 --> 00:47:35,870
airplane men 1997 will we have robots in

983
00:47:41,290 --> 00:47:39,200
deep space on other planets that will

984
00:47:42,640 --> 00:47:41,300
help humans you know explore those

985
00:47:44,830 --> 00:47:42,650
planets that we've never you know

986
00:47:47,080 --> 00:47:44,840
support before yeah absolutely I mean we

987
00:47:48,490 --> 00:47:47,090
have robots today on Mars but at some

988
00:47:51,340 --> 00:47:48,500
point in time we'll have humans there as

989
00:47:53,110 --> 00:47:51,350
well you know and I think at least right

990
00:47:55,240 --> 00:47:53,120
now the current focus on the moon is a

991
00:47:57,550 --> 00:47:55,250
great opportunity of not just for NASA

992
00:48:00,160 --> 00:47:57,560
but for the you know the entire world to

993
00:48:01,810 --> 00:48:00,170
learn how to really live and work you

994
00:48:04,120 --> 00:48:01,820
know another planetary surface on the

995
00:48:05,320 --> 00:48:04,130
moon and then we use all the things that

996
00:48:07,420 --> 00:48:05,330
we learn everything that we've developed

997
00:48:10,240 --> 00:48:07,430
and tested and apply it to other places

998
00:48:12,070 --> 00:48:10,250
such as Mars kind of continue the

999
00:48:16,990 --> 00:48:12,080
teaming that you talked about earlier

1000
00:48:18,940 --> 00:48:17,000
great strength exactly you guys already

1001
00:48:21,400 --> 00:48:18,950
talked a little bit about the before in

1002
00:48:23,980 --> 00:48:21,410
parallel and after kind of idea

1003
00:48:25,630 --> 00:48:23,990
Terry sort of covered that with talking

1004
00:48:28,180 --> 00:48:25,640
about scouting and preparing

1005
00:48:30,130 --> 00:48:28,190
infrastructure sort of the after is you

1006
00:48:31,510 --> 00:48:30,140
can you know crew is only going to be

1007
00:48:33,100 --> 00:48:31,520
there for a certain amount of time you

1008
00:48:36,520 --> 00:48:33,110
know that the humans are probably then

1009
00:48:38,230 --> 00:48:36,530
after a few months or year maybe and

1010
00:48:40,960 --> 00:48:38,240
then you want that the robots will stay

1011
00:48:43,300 --> 00:48:40,970
behind so they can continue to do some

1012
00:48:44,950 --> 00:48:43,310
of the work that the astronauts started

1013
00:48:47,710 --> 00:48:44,960
yeah for instance we talked about those

1014
00:48:49,270 --> 00:48:47,720
tedious you know jobs yes taking lots of

1015
00:49:00,510 --> 00:48:49,280
measurements so they could go in there

1016
00:49:06,330 --> 00:49:04,770
go spend several years ago we had a

1017
00:49:08,760 --> 00:49:06,340
research project here at NASA Ames

1018
00:49:11,310 --> 00:49:08,770
called the robotic follow-up project and

1019
00:49:13,050 --> 00:49:11,320
Maria was actually the project manager

1020
00:49:15,060 --> 00:49:13,060
for that okay and that was really all

1021
00:49:17,820 --> 00:49:15,070
about exactly that you know we we sent

1022
00:49:20,940 --> 00:49:17,830
out some astronauts into the field and

1023
00:49:27,060 --> 00:49:20,950
they had handheld you know cameras and

1024
00:49:29,310 --> 00:49:27,070
instruments here on earth I guess we

1025
00:49:31,440 --> 00:49:29,320
call a planetary analog you know so a

1026
00:49:34,080 --> 00:49:31,450
location on Earth that has features

1027
00:49:35,460 --> 00:49:34,090
similar exactly to places in the care

1028
00:49:36,630 --> 00:49:35,470
about on the Moon or Mars in this

1029
00:49:36,960 --> 00:49:36,640
particular case was in the Canadian

1030
00:49:39,420 --> 00:49:36,970
Arctic

1031
00:49:41,640 --> 00:49:39,430
oh this wonderfully interesting place

1032
00:49:44,550 --> 00:49:41,650
called Devon Island and on there is a

1033
00:49:47,670 --> 00:49:44,560
large 20 kilometer you know 12 meter or

1034
00:49:51,270 --> 00:49:47,680
12 mile or so diameter impact structure

1035
00:49:54,630 --> 00:49:51,280
a big giant crater we had simulated

1036
00:49:57,630 --> 00:49:54,640
astronauts doing some mapping work there

1037
00:49:59,580 --> 00:49:57,640
some field geology work and then after

1038
00:50:10,200 --> 00:49:59,590
they were done you know they came back

1039
00:50:12,390 --> 00:50:10,210
home like for instance he's a

1040
00:50:14,040 --> 00:50:12,400
ground-penetrating radar and they'll

1041
00:50:16,260 --> 00:50:14,050
sweep over the ground you're just going

1042
00:50:20,910 --> 00:50:16,270
back and forth yeah usually mowing the

1043
00:50:23,760 --> 00:50:20,920
lawn taking thousands of measurements

1044
00:50:26,550 --> 00:50:23,770
that frankly would have been really

1045
00:50:30,690 --> 00:50:26,560
tedious really you know difficult I

1046
00:50:43,770 --> 00:50:30,700
think for humans yeah how did it do did

1047
00:50:50,700 --> 00:50:43,780
it do well its job well another robot

1048
00:50:53,099 --> 00:50:50,710
robots they run out of energy that's

1049
00:50:56,070 --> 00:50:53,109
true okay yeah so that was the after

1050
00:50:57,900 --> 00:50:56,080
example of this for during and after

1051
00:51:00,349 --> 00:50:57,910
humans are there which is kind of like

1052
00:51:03,000 --> 00:51:00,359
surgery he told me the other day yeah

1053
00:51:04,590 --> 00:51:03,010
it's like surgery to you know I mean you

1054
00:51:06,510 --> 00:51:04,600
know obviously the brain surgeons not

1055
00:51:08,849 --> 00:51:06,520
gonna do everything and and there's

1056
00:51:10,740 --> 00:51:08,859
someone who's doing preparation and they

1057
00:51:11,570 --> 00:51:10,750
get the patient ready in the operating

1058
00:51:13,670 --> 00:51:11,580
room and

1059
00:51:16,910 --> 00:51:13,680
ready and then the brain surgeon comes

1060
00:51:19,610 --> 00:51:16,920
in and then somebody cleans up

1061
00:51:22,070 --> 00:51:19,620
afterwards uh you know and I think you

1062
00:51:24,140 --> 00:51:22,080
know the idea that humans working with

1063
00:51:25,400 --> 00:51:24,150
robots in space you know it might they

1064
00:51:27,020 --> 00:51:25,410
might fall out see I'm kind of model you

1065
00:51:28,970 --> 00:51:27,030
have robots that are doing things ahead

1066
00:51:31,370 --> 00:51:28,980
of time and maybe takes a long time mhm

1067
00:51:33,530 --> 00:51:31,380
and then the humans arrive and do the

1068
00:51:35,960 --> 00:51:33,540
parts that require humans and you know

1069
00:51:37,820 --> 00:51:35,970
afterwards yeah the robots come back and

1070
00:51:50,210 --> 00:51:37,830
they say okay now that pesky humans are

1071
00:51:51,890 --> 00:51:50,220
gone ninety seven once know should there

1072
00:51:53,510 --> 00:51:51,900
be a robot that follows people around to

1073
00:51:56,780 --> 00:51:53,520
make sure areas are safe when we're on

1074
00:51:58,610 --> 00:51:56,790
Mars for example yeah there have been

1075
00:52:01,040 --> 00:51:58,620
other projects here at NASA that have

1076
00:52:02,810 --> 00:52:01,050
looked at the idea of robots doing

1077
00:52:05,060 --> 00:52:02,820
scouting we're asking where they're

1078
00:52:07,010 --> 00:52:05,070
really scouting you know not you know

1079
00:52:09,200 --> 00:52:07,020
years in advance but just ahead of

1080
00:52:11,990 --> 00:52:09,210
humans or maybe robots that are just

1081
00:52:14,240 --> 00:52:12,000
behind them carrying tools or supplies

1082
00:52:16,610 --> 00:52:14,250
yeah I think that kind of you know

1083
00:52:21,590 --> 00:52:16,620
real-time support is also really of

1084
00:52:22,760 --> 00:52:21,600
interest to yeah well three yeah we've

1085
00:52:25,490 --> 00:52:22,770
got lots of questions we're gonna

1086
00:52:28,250 --> 00:52:25,500
definitely save time for those uh some

1087
00:52:35,060 --> 00:52:28,260
comments like the life is yours calls

1088
00:52:36,950 --> 00:52:35,070
Esther be space Roomba we've had other

1089
00:52:38,660 --> 00:52:36,960
comments to that you know people have

1090
00:52:40,160 --> 00:52:38,670
said hey you know you the the spheres

1091
00:52:42,110 --> 00:52:40,170
robots that you guys been working with

1092
00:52:43,640 --> 00:52:42,120
obviously inspired by Star Wars and you

1093
00:52:46,160 --> 00:52:43,650
know some some people have said well you

1094
00:52:48,650 --> 00:52:46,170
know your new robot is a cube you know

1095
00:52:54,520 --> 00:52:48,660
so was that inspired by that other

1096
00:53:08,650 --> 00:53:07,220
what are its intentions just wanna make

1097
00:53:11,330 --> 00:53:08,660
that clear

1098
00:53:14,420 --> 00:53:11,340
we are questionable we have a question

1099
00:53:16,160 --> 00:53:14,430
here from coffee FX saying what are the

1100
00:53:17,690 --> 00:53:16,170
biggest challenges in building a robot

1101
00:53:19,070 --> 00:53:17,700
designed to operate in a space

1102
00:53:20,420 --> 00:53:19,080
environment yeah that's a great question

1103
00:53:23,390 --> 00:53:20,430
so actually one of our biggest

1104
00:53:26,060 --> 00:53:23,400
challenges in it comes from operating

1105
00:53:28,040 --> 00:53:26,070
near humans in safety right of course so

1106
00:53:31,730 --> 00:53:28,050
you know we could probably make a robot

1107
00:53:34,820 --> 00:53:31,740
that can fly real fast and but you know

1108
00:53:39,890 --> 00:53:34,830
there are windows so we don't want to

1109
00:53:42,260 --> 00:53:39,900
actually be actually it's been pretty

1110
00:53:46,360 --> 00:53:42,270
challenging coming up with a propulsion

1111
00:53:48,590 --> 00:53:46,370
system that's very nimble responsive

1112
00:53:50,960 --> 00:53:48,600
mooses are like a reasonable rate can

1113
00:53:54,500 --> 00:53:50,970
move a reasonable amount of mass and yet

1114
00:53:55,910 --> 00:53:54,510
is safe right so you know those

1115
00:53:59,090 --> 00:53:55,920
considerations are really making a

1116
00:54:01,910 --> 00:53:59,100
challenge and there I don't know their

1117
00:54:08,570 --> 00:54:01,920
hardware considerations like does it

1118
00:54:11,270 --> 00:54:08,580
have to be extra sturdy the space

1119
00:54:13,010 --> 00:54:11,280
station environment is actually a nice

1120
00:54:15,080 --> 00:54:13,020
gentle environment I mean there's

1121
00:54:16,430 --> 00:54:15,090
there's there's very little gravity and

1122
00:54:19,130 --> 00:54:16,440
it's really microgravity they're

1123
00:54:20,540 --> 00:54:19,140
essentially zero gravity and it's like

1124
00:54:25,700 --> 00:54:20,550
an office environment you know it's

1125
00:54:28,190 --> 00:54:25,710
shirt sleeved it's but the problem is

1126
00:54:30,770 --> 00:54:28,200
getting there because to get there you

1127
00:54:32,990 --> 00:54:30,780
have to get on a rocket a rocket shakes

1128
00:54:35,030 --> 00:54:33,000
you and shakes you and shakes you and so

1129
00:54:36,980 --> 00:54:35,040
some of what we did over the past couple

1130
00:54:39,530 --> 00:54:36,990
years was try to design an Astra be to

1131
00:54:41,750 --> 00:54:39,540
survive really the shock of being

1132
00:54:44,540 --> 00:54:41,760
blanched to the space station yeah yeah

1133
00:54:48,320 --> 00:54:44,550
we have to do vibration testing and it

1134
00:54:50,720 --> 00:54:48,330
still worked after we shook it there are

1135
00:54:52,700 --> 00:54:50,730
structural constraints electricity

1136
00:54:54,170 --> 00:54:52,710
electrical as well your sisters you have

1137
00:54:57,000 --> 00:54:54,180
to be make sure they aren't going to

1138
00:55:00,690 --> 00:54:57,010
shock any you know

1139
00:55:02,310 --> 00:55:00,700
yeah any other system on the space

1140
00:55:04,440 --> 00:55:02,320
station so you have two pretty nice with

1141
00:55:06,750 --> 00:55:04,450
all the other systems long space yeah so

1142
00:55:09,060 --> 00:55:06,760
you know you have to look at radiate

1143
00:55:10,890 --> 00:55:09,070
like do you are you radiating noise you

1144
00:55:13,830 --> 00:55:10,900
know are you gonna interfere with the

1145
00:55:16,320 --> 00:55:13,840
other systems on Space Station and of

1146
00:55:18,300 --> 00:55:16,330
course we control Astra from the ground

1147
00:55:20,520 --> 00:55:18,310
from Mission Control and so that means

1148
00:55:22,440 --> 00:55:20,530
we're sending you know data back and

1149
00:55:24,480 --> 00:55:22,450
forth yeah on the space station it's

1150
00:55:26,100 --> 00:55:24,490
being you know set across the the

1151
00:55:27,750 --> 00:55:26,110
wireless network the Wi-Fi network on

1152
00:55:41,610 --> 00:55:27,760
space station it's of course you don't

1153
00:55:44,730 --> 00:55:41,620
want to be a network hog are you

1154
00:55:46,380 --> 00:55:44,740
watching also I know I've talked to you

1155
00:55:48,240 --> 00:55:46,390
guys about this I'm you know taking what

1156
00:55:51,690 --> 00:55:48,250
you guys learn from spheres and applying

1157
00:55:54,920 --> 00:55:51,700
that to ash Toby in your design and

1158
00:55:57,570 --> 00:55:54,930
testing for you know yeah absolutely so

1159
00:55:59,370 --> 00:55:57,580
one of our considerations was we didn't

1160
00:56:01,920 --> 00:55:59,380
want to have astronauts have to put

1161
00:56:04,380 --> 00:56:01,930
these gas canisters into Astra me that's

1162
00:56:06,570 --> 00:56:04,390
that's a chore that we're adding to the

1163
00:56:08,670 --> 00:56:06,580
chores then you take care of the robot

1164
00:56:10,260 --> 00:56:08,680
so we made an all-electric system and

1165
00:56:11,820 --> 00:56:10,270
that can just plug itself in and is the

1166
00:56:14,670 --> 00:56:11,830
only consumable is electricity

1167
00:56:17,370 --> 00:56:14,680
you know battery power docking stations

1168
00:56:18,660 --> 00:56:17,380
they can go recharge itself yeah yeah I

1169
00:56:20,340 --> 00:56:18,670
guess the other thing to the but we

1170
00:56:23,340 --> 00:56:20,350
should have point out about spheres is

1171
00:56:25,200 --> 00:56:23,350
that in addition to this you know carbon

1172
00:56:27,420 --> 00:56:25,210
dioxide propulsion which is in a little

1173
00:56:29,460 --> 00:56:27,430
tank that you change out it requires a

1174
00:56:32,250 --> 00:56:29,470
basically these these eight pack of

1175
00:56:33,810 --> 00:56:32,260
double-a batteries yeah and of course

1176
00:56:35,730 --> 00:56:33,820
that what that means is that the spheres

1177
00:56:38,580 --> 00:56:35,740
couldn't really run for a pretty long

1178
00:56:39,950 --> 00:56:38,590
time maybe an hour or two and then you

1179
00:56:42,480 --> 00:56:39,960
know someone's have come over and

1180
00:56:45,360 --> 00:56:42,490
changed the tank and changed the

1181
00:56:47,730 --> 00:56:45,370
batteries and so a stir be of core part

1182
00:56:50,460 --> 00:56:47,740
of the design was let's get away from

1183
00:56:52,020 --> 00:56:50,470
all that let it just recharge itself and

1184
00:56:54,120 --> 00:56:52,030
then spheres also was not allowed to

1185
00:56:55,920 --> 00:56:54,130
operate by itself because the materials

1186
00:56:58,710 --> 00:56:55,930
are not are there's some flammable

1187
00:57:01,290 --> 00:56:58,720
materials so it had to have human

1188
00:57:02,100 --> 00:57:01,300
oversight at all times yeah in case it

1189
00:57:09,100 --> 00:57:02,110
bursts into flame

1190
00:57:14,120 --> 00:57:11,840
so all the materials on aster be are

1191
00:57:16,010 --> 00:57:14,130
either flame-retardant or they're

1192
00:57:18,830 --> 00:57:16,020
they're such a small amount that they

1193
00:57:21,620 --> 00:57:18,840
aren't a hazard or we cover them with a

1194
00:57:24,920 --> 00:57:21,630
flame-retardant material oh yeah that's

1195
00:57:27,350 --> 00:57:24,930
pretty cool yeah you were talking about

1196
00:57:29,780 --> 00:57:27,360
communicating with the robots so here's

1197
00:57:31,190 --> 00:57:29,790
maybe a bigger general question are

1198
00:57:33,230 --> 00:57:31,200
these robots designed to communicate

1199
00:57:38,000 --> 00:57:33,240
directly with the DSN and can you tell

1200
00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:38,010
us what the DSN the Deep Space Network

1201
00:57:43,130 --> 00:57:40,410
it's what NASA and and frankly I believe

1202
00:57:45,920 --> 00:57:43,140
all spacefaring countries used to

1203
00:57:50,180 --> 00:57:45,930
communicate to spacecraft robotics or

1204
00:57:52,610 --> 00:57:50,190
human in space you know I think as we

1205
00:57:54,080 --> 00:57:52,620
see robots going to other places along

1206
00:57:56,420 --> 00:57:54,090
with humans then there'll be you know

1207
00:57:59,330 --> 00:57:56,430
more and more use of the the DSN for

1208
00:58:01,280 --> 00:57:59,340
communications on the space station of

1209
00:58:04,040 --> 00:58:01,290
course we don't use the DSN because it's

1210
00:58:13,630 --> 00:58:04,050
in Earth orbit we instead use another

1211
00:58:19,370 --> 00:58:16,640
tracking and data relay satellite system

1212
00:58:21,770 --> 00:58:19,380
I think it's a set of communication

1213
00:58:24,350 --> 00:58:21,780
satellites in Earth orbit and it relays

1214
00:58:27,860 --> 00:58:24,360
the signals from the space station to

1215
00:58:29,360 --> 00:58:27,870
the ground to Mission Control and so we

1216
00:58:30,040 --> 00:58:29,370
use that to communicate to and from the

1217
00:58:35,120 --> 00:58:30,050
space station

1218
00:58:37,670 --> 00:58:35,130
all right perfecting yes there are

1219
00:58:39,350 --> 00:58:37,680
dropouts in comm between the space

1220
00:58:41,270 --> 00:58:39,360
station and the ground yeah

1221
00:58:43,460 --> 00:58:41,280
so we also design a sturdy to be able to

1222
00:58:45,680 --> 00:58:43,470
operate through those dropouts when it

1223
00:58:48,590 --> 00:58:45,690
can't oh okay to the ground yeah that's

1224
00:58:50,960 --> 00:58:48,600
what yeah the autonomous nature of can

1225
00:58:51,590 --> 00:58:50,970
carry on

1226
00:58:55,179 --> 00:58:51,600
[Music]

1227
00:58:56,829 --> 00:58:55,189
[Laughter]

1228
00:58:59,410 --> 00:58:56,839
we actually have some questions about

1229
00:59:01,029 --> 00:58:59,420
career paths into robotics and things

1230
00:59:03,219 --> 00:59:01,039
like that can you guys kind of share how

1231
00:59:04,870 --> 00:59:03,229
you got into robotics and you know

1232
00:59:06,699 --> 00:59:04,880
education we have people who are

1233
00:59:08,799 --> 00:59:06,709
interested in you know what kind of you

1234
00:59:10,269 --> 00:59:08,809
know programs were you in in school and

1235
00:59:11,529 --> 00:59:10,279
internships and things like that so

1236
00:59:14,259 --> 00:59:11,539
first off I might be a little bit biased

1237
00:59:19,929 --> 00:59:14,269
but you know I think everybody should be

1238
00:59:22,089 --> 00:59:19,939
a roboticist i I think partially is

1239
00:59:24,759 --> 00:59:22,099
because it is really fun working with

1240
00:59:27,160 --> 00:59:24,769
with robots yeah and I said earlier I

1241
00:59:29,019 --> 00:59:27,170
mean robotics and covers lots of

1242
00:59:31,419 --> 00:59:29,029
different kinds of domains lots of

1243
00:59:33,759 --> 00:59:31,429
different areas of study and so there's

1244
00:59:36,099 --> 00:59:33,769
not one single path that you can go down

1245
00:59:38,169 --> 00:59:36,109
or have to go down you can if you like

1246
00:59:39,609 --> 00:59:38,179
you know computers you can be a come to

1247
00:59:41,529 --> 00:59:39,619
this from computer science point of view

1248
00:59:42,579 --> 00:59:41,539
if you like mechanical design you know

1249
00:59:48,160 --> 00:59:42,589
mechanical engineering or Electrical

1250
00:59:49,839 --> 00:59:48,170
Engineering we need you all somebody

1251
00:59:55,599 --> 00:59:49,849
wanted to know if you can use

1252
00:59:58,089 --> 00:59:55,609
programmers yes do web developers health

1253
01:00:01,179 --> 00:59:58,099
and robotics oh yeah definitely

1254
01:00:02,709 --> 01:00:01,189
yeah because one of the key things we we

1255
01:00:04,509 --> 01:00:02,719
worry about us you know how do we

1256
01:00:06,009 --> 01:00:04,519
understand what the robot is doing and

1257
01:00:08,140 --> 01:00:06,019
how do we communicate to that how do we

1258
01:00:09,729 --> 01:00:08,150
command it and so in addition to

1259
01:00:11,650 --> 01:00:09,739
building the robot system itself we'll

1260
01:00:13,599 --> 01:00:11,660
build user interfaces you know all the

1261
01:00:15,819 --> 01:00:13,609
interfaces that run admission control

1262
01:00:17,439 --> 01:00:15,829
that talk to spacecraft well some of

1263
01:00:20,140 --> 01:00:17,449
those are custom interfaces some of them

1264
01:00:22,719 --> 01:00:20,150
just run on web browsers might be web

1265
01:00:25,299 --> 01:00:22,729
applications and so I think the answer

1266
01:00:26,919 --> 01:00:25,309
is definitely yes you know you can get

1267
01:00:28,809 --> 01:00:26,929
involved if you do web programming hey

1268
01:00:30,880 --> 01:00:28,819
you could do that for a robot too

1269
01:00:35,169 --> 01:00:30,890
absolutely yeah very good

1270
01:00:37,630 --> 01:00:35,179
good news GDS system yeah but software

1271
01:00:40,269 --> 01:00:37,640
design here we have actually a ground

1272
01:00:42,309 --> 01:00:40,279
data system that that we use for science

1273
01:00:44,380 --> 01:00:42,319
playing so mission science planning

1274
01:00:49,749 --> 01:00:44,390
oh yeah that's web-based cool all right

1275
01:00:52,539 --> 01:00:49,759
so a resounding yes a couple of people

1276
01:00:54,729 --> 01:00:52,549
have asked about the cost of space

1277
01:00:56,019 --> 01:00:54,739
robots and when do you consider that

1278
01:00:58,719 --> 01:00:56,029
that was the question do you consider

1279
01:01:00,400 --> 01:00:58,729
the cost before after and yes in terms

1280
01:01:02,199 --> 01:01:00,410
of like you know the robots themselves

1281
01:01:03,999 --> 01:01:02,209
these days at least for the ones inside

1282
01:01:06,080 --> 01:01:04,009
a space station which is just like being

1283
01:01:08,060 --> 01:01:06,090
in an office or a home

1284
01:01:10,040 --> 01:01:08,070
you know the-the-the components actually

1285
01:01:11,990 --> 01:01:10,050
are not the main cost the main cost has

1286
01:01:14,750 --> 01:01:12,000
to do with the the time spent developing

1287
01:01:17,420 --> 01:01:14,760
and building an engineer the engineering

1288
01:01:21,500 --> 01:01:17,430
time but you know astra B as Maria said

1289
01:01:23,840 --> 01:01:21,510
uses a set of basically smartphone class

1290
01:01:27,770 --> 01:01:23,850
processors and we use off-the-shelf

1291
01:01:30,410 --> 01:01:27,780
software as well Astra bade runs both

1292
01:01:32,960 --> 01:01:30,420
Android and Linux in terms of operating

1293
01:01:35,960 --> 01:01:32,970
system and and so it's not you know like

1294
01:01:38,780 --> 01:01:35,970
we've custom crafted our own unique you

1295
01:01:40,400 --> 01:01:38,790
know set of software some of the

1296
01:01:41,480 --> 01:01:40,410
hardware obviously is unique I mean

1297
01:01:49,400 --> 01:01:41,490
master B doesn't look like anything

1298
01:01:51,710 --> 01:01:49,410
you'd buy in a store machine parts open

1299
01:01:54,290 --> 01:01:51,720
it up allow the inside no I recognize

1300
01:01:58,520 --> 01:01:54,300
that I could buy that mm-hmm all right

1301
01:02:01,280 --> 01:01:58,530
cool I have one that I like I'm curious

1302
01:02:03,500 --> 01:02:01,290
about say the JP guy asks is it possible

1303
01:02:10,150 --> 01:02:03,510
to create self-sterilizing robots to

1304
01:02:13,010 --> 01:02:10,160
prevent contamination during exercise a

1305
01:02:15,380 --> 01:02:13,020
possible payload for aster be in the

1306
01:02:18,530 --> 01:02:15,390
near future we had some folks come in to

1307
01:02:21,020 --> 01:02:18,540
talk to us about its equipment for

1308
01:02:22,730 --> 01:02:21,030
sterilizing inside the space station

1309
01:02:26,660 --> 01:02:22,740
it's basically ultraviolet light I think

1310
01:02:29,120 --> 01:02:26,670
light UV some yeah yeah right

1311
01:02:31,610 --> 01:02:29,130
the it's basically like a panel of LEDs

1312
01:02:33,350 --> 01:02:31,620
that you just go and hold it up against

1313
01:02:53,480 --> 01:02:33,360
the our nearest surface and the light

1314
01:02:56,960 --> 01:02:53,490
will sterilize okay UV light to kill off

1315
01:03:02,870 --> 01:02:56,970
bacteria and that could work it could

1316
01:03:09,290 --> 01:03:02,880
work you have a comment here from wall

1317
01:03:11,900 --> 01:03:09,300
opposed very cool y'all here's a

1318
01:03:15,830 --> 01:03:11,910
question from rest are are there any

1319
01:03:18,560 --> 01:03:15,840
crawling robots robots that could easily

1320
01:03:20,300 --> 01:03:18,570
manipulate things rather than flying

1321
01:03:23,270 --> 01:03:20,310
because that uses you know a certain

1322
01:03:24,740 --> 01:03:23,280
kind of energy yeah yeah well I mean we

1323
01:03:26,300 --> 01:03:24,750
saw some of the other robots that NASA

1324
01:03:29,330 --> 01:03:26,310
has worked with in the past earlier on

1325
01:03:32,090 --> 01:03:29,340
the show um you know I certainly think

1326
01:03:33,859 --> 01:03:32,100
that all kinds of robots are needed and

1327
01:03:36,680 --> 01:03:33,869
of course you know robots light like

1328
01:03:37,790 --> 01:03:36,690
like Robonaut 2 we had a few years ago I

1329
01:03:40,849 --> 01:03:37,800
mean those were designed to be humanoid

1330
01:03:42,560 --> 01:03:40,859
Robonaut 2 actually at one point was

1331
01:03:45,500 --> 01:03:42,570
going to have a pair of these climbing

1332
01:03:46,520 --> 01:03:45,510
limbs so well the legs are kind of

1333
01:03:53,480 --> 01:03:46,530
backwards to the knees were kind of

1334
01:03:54,920 --> 01:03:53,490
backwards base to really like climb all

1335
01:03:57,410 --> 01:03:54,930
over in the inside of Space Station so

1336
01:03:59,390 --> 01:03:57,420
it would have two arms and two legs or

1337
01:04:01,010 --> 01:03:59,400
two limbs and then you could use all

1338
01:04:03,140 --> 01:04:01,020
four of those to climb around now

1339
01:04:04,849 --> 01:04:03,150
unfortunately we had some some problems

1340
01:04:07,099 --> 01:04:04,859
with the electrical system and we

1341
01:04:08,540 --> 01:04:07,109
brought Robonaut to back down but maybe

1342
01:04:11,840 --> 01:04:08,550
in the future you'll see systems like

1343
01:04:13,849 --> 01:04:11,850
Robonaut 2 that can climb yeah actually

1344
01:04:16,849 --> 01:04:13,859
for ground exploration yet there are

1345
01:04:23,690 --> 01:04:16,859
snake robots and you know that again

1346
01:04:25,190 --> 01:04:23,700
bio-inspired you know you know move

1347
01:04:27,859 --> 01:04:25,200
across the ground in different ways and

1348
01:04:29,930 --> 01:04:27,869
can be very efficient yeah and so

1349
01:04:32,420 --> 01:04:29,940
there's a lot of work developing these

1350
01:04:34,280 --> 01:04:32,430
sort of bio-inspired robots that's cool

1351
01:04:36,440 --> 01:04:34,290
it's kind of related to this one the

1352
01:04:38,780 --> 01:04:36,450
life is yours asks what a robot like the

1353
01:04:41,920 --> 01:04:38,790
Boston dynamic ones work on Mars and the

1354
01:04:45,859 --> 01:04:44,300
obviously Boston Dynamics has created

1355
01:04:47,150 --> 01:04:45,869
lots of really interesting videos

1356
01:04:50,690 --> 01:04:47,160
showing their robots doing everything

1357
01:04:52,310 --> 01:04:50,700
from gymnastics all kinds of things you

1358
01:04:54,770 --> 01:04:52,320
know with running and jumping and

1359
01:04:56,390 --> 01:04:54,780
hopping and you know quite honestly you

1360
01:04:58,520 --> 01:04:56,400
know NASA has interest in those things

1361
01:05:00,800 --> 01:04:58,530
those kinds of you know robot

1362
01:05:02,650 --> 01:05:00,810
capabilities because there are places

1363
01:05:05,359 --> 01:05:02,660
they're just not suited to wheels

1364
01:05:06,859 --> 01:05:05,369
they're places where maybe you can't fly

1365
01:05:08,480 --> 01:05:06,869
if there's no atmosphere

1366
01:05:10,730 --> 01:05:08,490
you know Astro B for example it does

1367
01:05:12,680 --> 01:05:10,740
require error and the Mars helicopter

1368
01:05:14,060 --> 01:05:12,690
requires error on Mars you can't really

1369
01:05:21,560 --> 01:05:14,070
have that kind of flying robot on the

1370
01:05:24,170 --> 01:05:21,570
moon robot doesn't require air to move

1371
01:05:26,240 --> 01:05:24,180
and it's probably designed to operate in

1372
01:05:28,099 --> 01:05:26,250
air for things like cooling so you

1373
01:05:30,299 --> 01:05:28,109
couldn't just transport that that

1374
01:05:33,519 --> 01:05:30,309
particular robot as

1375
01:05:35,680 --> 01:05:33,529
that's yeah so you do have to do some

1376
01:05:37,509 --> 01:05:35,690
redesign so that would be capable of

1377
01:05:39,819 --> 01:05:37,519
operating on those other in those other

1378
01:05:43,120 --> 01:05:39,829
environments but the method of

1379
01:05:45,400 --> 01:05:43,130
locomotion certainly yeah we would look

1380
01:05:50,890 --> 01:05:45,410
at walking and crawling robots and

1381
01:05:54,220 --> 01:05:50,900
jumping and hopping and we'll see a

1382
01:05:56,410 --> 01:05:54,230
couple people have asked again I think

1383
01:05:58,480 --> 01:05:56,420
it's about Esther B how did these robots

1384
01:06:00,609 --> 01:05:58,490
propel themselves in zero-gravity in a

1385
01:06:04,509 --> 01:06:00,619
spaceship so because you just review

1386
01:06:05,829 --> 01:06:04,519
quickly fan base system you know this

1387
01:06:08,200 --> 01:06:05,839
our particular robot there are other

1388
01:06:11,859 --> 01:06:08,210
ways of propelling yourself yeah inside

1389
01:06:14,289 --> 01:06:11,869
a space base station but after me in

1390
01:06:21,130 --> 01:06:14,299
particular its fan based it has impeller

1391
01:06:22,569 --> 01:06:21,140
I'm actually alright so actually right

1392
01:06:25,930 --> 01:06:22,579
there is might be good so I can actually

1393
01:06:32,490 --> 01:06:25,940
point things yeah so again the circular

1394
01:06:37,390 --> 01:06:35,289
can actually talk to the microphone so

1395
01:06:40,450 --> 01:06:37,400
the circular part here there's a fan

1396
01:06:42,730 --> 01:06:40,460
inside here and that brings the air into

1397
01:06:45,339 --> 01:06:42,740
this sort of it's sort of like a box

1398
01:06:49,240 --> 01:06:45,349
almost on the end of the robot this sort

1399
01:06:51,910 --> 01:06:49,250
of black section and then it goes it's

1400
01:06:55,630 --> 01:06:51,920
so it lightly pressurizes the box and

1401
01:06:57,009 --> 01:06:55,640
then these grilles right here it looks

1402
01:07:00,130 --> 01:06:57,019
like the vents in your cooler they look

1403
01:07:01,650 --> 01:07:00,140
like many events there's a nozzle behind

1404
01:07:07,390 --> 01:07:01,660
that right that the grille is to keep

1405
01:07:10,089 --> 01:07:07,400
astronaut fingers from going in but

1406
01:07:13,990 --> 01:07:10,099
behind there are these nozzles that have

1407
01:07:16,480 --> 01:07:14,000
flappers that open and close and so that

1408
01:07:17,920 --> 01:07:16,490
lets air out and you have that different

1409
01:07:19,029 --> 01:07:17,930
amounts of different amounts right you

1410
01:07:20,400 --> 01:07:19,039
open it a little bit yeah a little bit

1411
01:07:23,710 --> 01:07:20,410
of air you open it wide to get more air

1412
01:07:25,809 --> 01:07:23,720
and then so that the air moving out

1413
01:07:27,819 --> 01:07:25,819
pushes the robot in the opposite

1414
01:07:32,499 --> 01:07:27,829
direction this is the whole magic of

1415
01:07:35,799 --> 01:07:32,509
zero-g it's the you know equal and

1416
01:07:37,630 --> 01:07:35,809
opposite reaction that's how we we

1417
01:07:40,960 --> 01:07:37,640
propel ourselves around Space Station

1418
01:07:42,310 --> 01:07:40,970
awesome yeah Apollo mg asks is it gyro

1419
01:07:44,830 --> 01:07:42,320
stabilized

1420
01:07:47,980 --> 01:07:44,840
and what does it's partially quote

1421
01:07:49,660 --> 01:07:47,990
gyro-stabilized you know you have fans

1422
01:07:52,710 --> 01:07:49,670
here and there's actually a fan on both

1423
01:07:55,180 --> 01:07:52,720
sides so it's it's counter-rotating and

1424
01:07:57,430 --> 01:07:55,190
what's fascinating is that depending on

1425
01:08:00,400 --> 01:07:57,440
how fast we spin this you know we can

1426
01:08:02,500 --> 01:08:00,410
change how stable is in space so as we

1427
01:08:05,560 --> 01:08:02,510
do docking for example and we want to

1428
01:08:07,510 --> 01:08:05,570
move in very precisely and very you know

1429
01:08:09,040 --> 01:08:07,520
it was very smooth motion will basically

1430
01:08:11,560 --> 01:08:09,050
spin up the robot and you can actually

1431
01:08:14,200 --> 01:08:11,570
hear it get louder yeah and it becomes

1432
01:08:15,400 --> 01:08:14,210
more stable because it's using its fans

1433
01:08:16,960 --> 01:08:15,410
and how fast they're spinning to

1434
01:08:18,910 --> 01:08:16,970
stabilize it it also gives a little more

1435
01:08:20,620 --> 01:08:18,920
control authority because there's a

1436
01:08:22,270 --> 01:08:20,630
little more pressure a touchable

1437
01:08:30,700 --> 01:08:22,280
pressure so it can actually push itself

1438
01:08:33,790 --> 01:08:30,710
a little bit harder keeps coming in we

1439
01:08:35,530 --> 01:08:33,800
have one question from ill Inc are

1440
01:08:38,320 --> 01:08:35,540
robots good for tending the growing of

1441
01:08:43,840 --> 01:08:38,330
plants in space oh you know this is

1442
01:08:46,720 --> 01:08:43,850
actually a super timely question I went

1443
01:08:50,460 --> 01:08:46,730
to a NASA workshop on how robots could

1444
01:08:53,620 --> 01:08:50,470
be used to help grow crops in space and

1445
01:08:55,240 --> 01:08:53,630
it's fascinating you think about all the

1446
01:08:56,740 --> 01:08:55,250
challenges that you know would be

1447
01:09:00,340 --> 01:08:56,750
associated with doing that I mean

1448
01:09:02,140 --> 01:09:00,350
planting and monitoring and tending and

1449
01:09:04,599 --> 01:09:02,150
harvesting and then processing

1450
01:09:07,060 --> 01:09:04,609
afterwards yeah so I think it's a great

1451
01:09:10,329 --> 01:09:07,070
area for research and development not

1452
01:09:12,640 --> 01:09:10,339
ready today but if we want to send

1453
01:09:14,349 --> 01:09:12,650
humans especially the deep space can't

1454
01:09:15,329 --> 01:09:14,359
just package all the food right they're

1455
01:09:17,440 --> 01:09:15,339
not just gonna be eating you know

1456
01:09:20,110 --> 01:09:17,450
microwavable things okay they're gonna

1457
01:09:22,900 --> 01:09:20,120
need fresh food and it's really as

1458
01:09:25,120 --> 01:09:22,910
anybody who's grown anything knows it

1459
01:09:28,349 --> 01:09:25,130
takes a lot of effort so I think robots

1460
01:09:30,910 --> 01:09:28,359
definitely are needed for that mm-hmm

1461
01:09:37,630 --> 01:09:30,920
some are already being used on earth

1462
01:09:39,849 --> 01:09:37,640
yeah at end yeah there's this whole new

1463
01:09:41,920 --> 01:09:39,859
interesting you know category called

1464
01:09:45,190 --> 01:09:41,930
vertical farming you know what people

1465
01:09:47,290 --> 01:09:45,200
want to like grow really crops inside

1466
01:09:50,740 --> 01:09:47,300
their homes or their apartments and a

1467
01:09:51,910 --> 01:09:50,750
small space how can you grow vertically

1468
01:09:53,559 --> 01:09:51,920
you have all these different like

1469
01:09:57,010 --> 01:09:53,569
shelves and like

1470
01:09:59,140 --> 01:09:57,020
like hydroponics that go into you know

1471
01:10:00,669 --> 01:09:59,150
help plants grow but the problem is you

1472
01:10:02,109 --> 01:10:00,679
still take care of the system itself

1473
01:10:05,350 --> 01:10:02,119
you know things always get clogged

1474
01:10:08,709 --> 01:10:05,360
things need to get harvested so I think

1475
01:10:11,979 --> 01:10:08,719
we're gonna need robots for that here's

1476
01:10:14,379 --> 01:10:11,989
an interesting one phone things as to

1477
01:10:16,359 --> 01:10:14,389
what types of prehensile tasks do robots

1478
01:10:20,649 --> 01:10:16,369
performance space ie gripping and

1479
01:10:23,140 --> 01:10:20,659
grasping tasks is that as well so we've

1480
01:10:26,560 --> 01:10:23,150
talked about the perching are purging

1481
01:10:29,410 --> 01:10:26,570
arms yes lots of finger and and yes save

1482
01:10:31,569 --> 01:10:29,420
energy by doing that also we've been

1483
01:10:34,600 --> 01:10:31,579
looking at prehensile tasks that like a

1484
01:10:37,089 --> 01:10:34,610
rover out rinse in a wheeled robots can

1485
01:10:39,339 --> 01:10:37,099
do when it's on a planetary surface

1486
01:10:41,530 --> 01:10:39,349
mm-hmm for instance it can dig a trench

1487
01:10:43,180 --> 01:10:41,540
right if you you drive three of the

1488
01:10:44,919 --> 01:10:43,190
wheels and your fourth one you just kind

1489
01:10:46,089 --> 01:10:44,929
of you turn it sideways and spin it a

1490
01:10:49,540 --> 01:10:46,099
little bit differently you can actually

1491
01:10:51,430 --> 01:10:49,550
dig a trench so for instance say you

1492
01:10:54,790 --> 01:10:51,440
want to lay some cables you know that

1493
01:10:56,379 --> 01:10:54,800
you then bury around the habitat you

1494
01:10:59,200 --> 01:10:56,389
could use the robot to dig the trenches

1495
01:11:00,609 --> 01:10:59,210
to put the cables in okay that's kind of

1496
01:11:08,350 --> 01:11:00,619
a gripping task because it's holding

1497
01:11:10,569 --> 01:11:08,360
that's we Hansel so there's no but in

1498
01:11:12,669 --> 01:11:10,579
terms of grasping things you know we

1499
01:11:15,700 --> 01:11:12,679
said earlier that Astra P only has an

1500
01:11:18,430 --> 01:11:15,710
arm for perching but obviously other

1501
01:11:21,040 --> 01:11:18,440
systems like Robonaut 2 or even on the

1502
01:11:23,169 --> 01:11:21,050
Camino the canadarm2 with its dexter

1503
01:11:25,270 --> 01:11:23,179
system you know has the ability to

1504
01:11:26,740 --> 01:11:25,280
really reach out and and physically

1505
01:11:28,990 --> 01:11:26,750
interact with things you know maybe

1506
01:11:31,450 --> 01:11:29,000
you're gonna try to to unscrew something

1507
01:11:35,600 --> 01:11:31,460
or to swap out some module which needs

1508
01:11:41,830 --> 01:11:38,939
[Laughter]

1509
01:11:46,569 --> 01:11:41,840
actually developing a gecko inspired

1510
01:11:48,669 --> 01:11:46,579
gripper perching are for astra baby is

1511
01:11:51,069 --> 01:11:48,679
already actually on orbit it wants yeah

1512
01:11:54,180 --> 01:11:51,079
it just launched and so they're looking

1513
01:11:56,500 --> 01:11:54,190
at being able to perch on any surface

1514
01:11:58,810 --> 01:11:56,510
the universal gripper i mean you think

1515
01:12:05,140 --> 01:11:58,820
you know geckos they can you know adhere

1516
01:12:13,580 --> 01:12:07,040
not so thrilled about that when they're

1517
01:12:15,439 --> 01:12:13,590
in your home this new this new robot

1518
01:12:17,240 --> 01:12:15,449
hand basically is meant to be the

1519
01:12:20,330 --> 01:12:17,250
universal thing so it can stick to any

1520
01:12:21,560 --> 01:12:20,340
kind of surface any kind of shape and

1521
01:12:23,240 --> 01:12:21,570
that's one of the things that over the

1522
01:12:28,490 --> 01:12:23,250
next several months we're hoping to see

1523
01:12:31,299 --> 01:12:28,500
tested with a strobe hmm very cool cuz

1524
01:12:33,529 --> 01:12:31,309
we're gonna have to finish soon are ya

1525
01:12:35,660 --> 01:12:33,539
do you have a favorite question or

1526
01:12:38,540 --> 01:12:35,670
should I throw one out there uh you go

1527
01:12:40,299 --> 01:12:38,550
first okay pour us an under South so how

1528
01:12:43,010 --> 01:12:40,309
could you perform real-life tests

1529
01:12:44,959 --> 01:12:43,020
parabolic flights perhaps that's nearly

1530
01:12:47,180 --> 01:12:44,969
testing like with punch punch cards

1531
01:12:50,209 --> 01:12:47,190
cost-wise well how would you how do you

1532
01:12:52,459 --> 01:12:50,219
test these space robots on earth well so

1533
01:12:56,149 --> 01:12:52,469
Astra B we test it on a granite table

1534
01:12:58,640 --> 01:12:56,159
it's kind of an upside down air hockey

1535
01:13:00,260 --> 01:12:58,650
table huh where instead of the air

1536
01:13:02,720 --> 01:13:00,270
coming out of the table it comes out of

1537
01:13:10,580 --> 01:13:02,730
a puck and the robot sits on top of this

1538
01:13:13,459 --> 01:13:10,590
puck it's like a frictionless surface so

1539
01:13:14,899 --> 01:13:13,469
it can simulate what it's like to fire

1540
01:13:17,600 --> 01:13:14,909
unfortunately we can only do two

1541
01:13:19,069 --> 01:13:17,610
dimensions not three yeah yeah we don't

1542
01:13:27,120 --> 01:13:19,079
have enough thrust to actually lift up

1543
01:13:34,380 --> 01:13:32,250
faster as a job

1544
01:13:37,050 --> 01:13:34,390
we have these kind of gantry crane

1545
01:13:43,010 --> 01:13:37,060
systems that are used as gravity offset

1546
01:13:48,149 --> 01:13:46,439
I'm you know the effects of gravity's

1547
01:13:50,430 --> 01:13:48,159
you attach something you hang it from it

1548
01:13:51,600 --> 01:13:50,440
and then basically how you program the

1549
01:13:53,459 --> 01:13:51,610
crane to move around

1550
01:13:56,399 --> 01:13:53,469
you know simulates it being you know

1551
01:13:59,959 --> 01:13:56,409
basically in zero gravity you can't use

1552
01:14:03,410 --> 01:13:59,969
the propulsion system on it when you're

1553
01:14:08,490 --> 01:14:03,420
it commands the crane to move it as if

1554
01:14:10,470 --> 01:14:08,500
propulsion system work okay since since

1555
01:14:13,020 --> 01:14:10,480
the comment mentioned parabolic flights

1556
01:14:15,089 --> 01:14:13,030
and we did do some tests you know a few

1557
01:14:21,180 --> 01:14:15,099
years ago with spheres the smart spheres

1558
01:14:27,209 --> 01:14:21,190
you know and sort of this you know they

1559
01:14:30,330 --> 01:14:27,219
briefly mimic seconds at most periods

1560
01:14:31,919 --> 01:14:30,340
and so you know from a engineering you

1561
01:14:33,060 --> 01:14:31,929
know point of view it's really hard or

1562
01:14:34,890 --> 01:14:33,070
you say okay let's get ready to get

1563
01:14:44,609 --> 01:14:34,900
ready and then that comes in like what

1564
01:14:46,770 --> 01:14:44,619
we learn in fifteen seconds it's

1565
01:14:49,229 --> 01:14:46,780
probably the highest fidelity way we can

1566
01:14:55,800 --> 01:14:49,239
you know simulate you know here on earth

1567
01:14:58,020 --> 01:14:55,810
rate on earth you know thank you guys so

1568
01:15:00,479 --> 01:14:58,030
much for joining us today I think that's

1569
01:15:02,430 --> 01:15:00,489
about all the time we have today huge

1570
01:15:05,310 --> 01:15:02,440
thanks to everyone who joined us in the